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“Diagnoses are sometimes entered into medical records without…meaningful consideration of medically authorized cannabis use.” By Etienne Fontan, Veterans Action Council The 2013 release of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) introduced cannabis use disorder (CUD) as a new diagnosis, replacing the DSM-4 categories of Cannabis Abuse and Cannabis Dependence with a single, severity-based unified diagnosis. This change was framed as a modernization of psychiatric classification, but it has had significant implications within systems such as the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) under the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). In Part 4 of our series on veterans’ cannabis issues that are illuminated by the Veterans Action Council’s (VAC) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request, we turn our focus toward a problem affecting many veterans: the improper diagnosis of CUD within VHA. CUD is defined as a pattern of cannabis use that causes clinically significant impairment or distress, assessed through criteria including impaired control, cravings, continued use despite harm, tolerance and withdrawal. The DSM-5 places these criteria on a continuum, classifying severity as mild, moderate or severe according to the number of criteria met. However, the decision by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) to merge cannabis abuse and dependence into a single diagnosis did more than streamline terminology. It fundamentally altered the threshold and breadth of diagnosis. Under DSM-IV, abuse and dependence were distinct conditions with different clinical implications. Abuse generally referred to problematic patterns of use with social or legal consequences, while dependence suggested a more entrenched physiological and behavioral pattern. By collapsing these into one category, DSM-5 widened the diagnostic net, capturing a broader range of individuals under a single label. This shift was driven by concerns about inconsistency. Researchers and clinicians had long observed that the boundary between abuse and dependence was not always clear and that patients often moved between categories. DSM-5 sought to resolve this by treating substance use as a spectrum. In theory, this improved diagnostic reliability and aligned cannabis with other substance use disorders. In practice, however, it also created circumstances in which individuals who previously would not have received a diagnosis or would have received a less severe diagnosis could now be classified as having a disorder. This distinction is not merely academic. A diagnosis carries weight. It shapes treatment decisions, becomes part of a patient’s permanent medical record and influences how future providers interpret that patient’s history. Within the VHA system, the broader definition of CUD has intersected with institutional practices in ways that many veterans and advocates find troubling. Reports have surfaced describing situations in which a positive THC test, often obtained through routine screening, is followed by the assignment of a CUD diagnosis without a comprehensive clinical evaluation. Such practices raise an important question: Is CUD always being applied as a carefully considered medical diagnosis, or has it, in some cases, become an administrative label? In a proper clinical setting, diagnosis should follow a thorough assessment that considers symptoms, context, medical history and the patient’s own explanation of their cannabis use. It should involve a conversation in which the patient understands the criteria being applied and has an opportunity to explain whether their cannabis use is therapeutic, medically supervised or otherwise clinically appropriate. Yet many veterans report that this process is not consistently followed. Diagnoses are sometimes entered into medical records without prior discussion, without documentation of a structured DSM-5 assessment and without meaningful consideration of medically authorized cannabis use. This gap between diagnostic standards and real-world application undermines the principles DSM-5 was intended to advance. When patients use cannabis daily under state medical cannabis laws to manage chronic pain, PTSD or other conditions, they may satisfy certain DSM criteria despite experiencing improved functioning rather than impairment. Cannabis occupies a uniquely complex position within American healthcare. Although it remains federally prohibited, it is legal for medical use in many states and is widely used by veterans seeking alternatives to opioids or other medications. The DSM-5 framework does not explicitly distinguish therapeutic cannabis use from problematic use. As a result, individuals using cannabis as physician-guided symptom management may nevertheless fall within a diagnostic framework originally intended to identify psychiatric illness. The consolidation of abuse and dependence into a single diagnosis has also contributed to what many describe as diagnostic inflation. When criteria are broadened and applied without careful clinical judgment, prevalence rates may increase—not necessarily because more patients have a true disorder, but because more individuals satisfy an expanded definition. In large systems such as VHA—where diagnostic coding serves administrative, research and reporting functions—this creates the risk that consistency may take precedence over individualized assessment. The role of institutions cannot be overlooked. The APA establishes diagnostic criteria, but organizations such as the VHA operationalize those criteria on a national scale. Their implementation determines how these definitions affect veterans’ lives. The increasing emphasis on CUD within the VHA system has coincided with expanded drug screening practices and a historically cautious institutional approach toward cannabis. What has not kept pace, however, is the rapid evolution of scientific research examining both the potential therapeutic benefits and the limitations of medical cannabis. None of this is to suggest that CUD is not a legitimate diagnosis. For some individuals, cannabis use becomes harmful and requires clinical intervention. The concern is not the diagnosis itself, but proportionality, accuracy and adherence to accepted diagnostic standards. Additional Evidence From VAC FOIA Records Internal VA records obtained through the VAC’s FOIA request raise important questions about how VHA applies CUD. In 2022, VA correspondence reported 134,790 veterans with cannabis-positive urine drug screens and 139,336 veterans identified as having CUD. While these figures alone do not prove improper diagnoses, they warrant scrutiny when compared with national epidemiologic data. Research cited within the same FOIA records from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC-III) found that 7.3 percent of U.S. veterans reported cannabis use in the previous year, but only 1.8 percent met DSM criteria for CUD. This suggests that only a minority of cannabis users meet the diagnostic threshold and underscores the need for individualized clinical assessments rather than reliance on cannabis use alone. The FOIA records also reveal that VA officials recognized the complexity of the issue. In one email, VA Office of Research and Development Media Branch Chief Bruce I. Friedland acknowledged the need to “thread a needle” between addressing genuine cannabis-related substance use disorders and supporting research into cannabis as a potential therapeutic treatment. In another email, Friedland sought guidance because VA lacked cannabis-specific resources for veterans who believed they had developed cannabis dependence. Additional correspondence from UCSF physician Dr. Salomeh Keyhani recommended that veterans identified through urine drug screening be individually assessed for high-risk cannabis use and offered treatment when appropriate, consistent with the DSM-5 requirement for a comprehensive clinical evaluation rather than diagnosis based solely on laboratory findings. VA research contained in the FOIA materials also found that nearly one third of reviewed patient records contained no documented discussion of cannabis between providers and patients. Of those that did, nearly half involved medical cannabis use rather than discussions of risks or harm reduction. These findings reinforce the importance of patient-provider dialogue and individualized clinical judgment before assigning a psychiatric diagnosis. For veterans managing complex medical conditions, inaccurate psychiatric diagnoses can affect treatment decisions, disability evaluations, provider perceptions and confidence in the medical record. Restoring integrity to CUD diagnosis requires rigorous application of DSM-5 criteria, informed patient participation, consideration of therapeutic cannabis use and periodic review of institutional practices to ensure administrative efficiency never replaces sound clinical judgment. A diagnosis should ultimately serve the patient by guiding treatment and accurately reflecting clinical reality. The value of DSM-5 depends not only on how its criteria are written, but on how faithfully they are applied. Etienne Fontan is a U.S. Army Desert Storm combat veteran and co-owner of Berkeley Patients Group, one of the nation’s longest-operating medical cannabis dispensaries. He serves on the Veterans Action Council, where he works on veterans’ access to cannabis, federal policy reform and international drug policy issues. The post Newly Released VA Records Raise Questions About How ‘Cannabis Use Disorder’ Diagnoses Are Affecting Veterans (Op-Ed) appeared first on Marijuana Moment. View the live link on MarijuanaMoment.net

California’s governor is touting the state’s large haul of marijuana tax revenue since voters legalized recreational cannabis in 2016, saying that the money “helps fund programs that benefit Californians, including childcare and early childhood development, youth substance abuse prevention, medical research and environmental recovery.” Gov. Gavin Newsom (D) on Wednesday said that legal marijuana sales have generated nearly $8.4 billion in tax revenue for California communities. That includes almost $4.5 billion worth of cannabis excise taxes and nearly $3.4 billion in sales taxes. “We are building a legal cannabis market that generates billions for Californians, and going after the illicit operators who undermine it,” Newsom said. “That’s public safety—protect consumers, support the businesses playing by the rules and put the revenue to work in our communities.” The governor’s office said in the second quarter of this year alone, the state collected more than a quarter of a billion dollars ($261.7 million) in marijuana taxes. California's regulated cannabis market has generated a whopping $8.4B in tax revenue for childcare, youth substance abuse prevention, medical research, and environmental recovery. We'll keep strengthening our legal market and go after bad actors trying to undermine it. pic.twitter.com/s1iQjJxx0b — Governor Gavin Newsom (@CAgovernor) September 2, 2026 Officials are also highlighting the administration’s efforts to crack down on illicit cannabis activity, singling out an August seizure of $13.3 million worth of illicit marijuana and tobacco products. “Taking illicit cannabis off the streets protects California’s law-abiding licensed businesses and is another step toward a fairer marketplace for those who follow the rules, pay their taxes, and invest in California,” California Department of Tax and Fee Administration (CDTFA) Director Trista Gonzalez said. “Removal and proper disposal of the illicit cannabis protects unwitting consumers while ensuring the product never makes it to the marketplace.” Earlier this week, the governor signed legislation to more clearly define the types of marijuana packaging and labeling that is prohibited due to appealing to children. Newsom recently took credit for helping to lead the push for the state to legalize marijuana and discussed his own limited experience with using cannabis. Last October, however, the governor vetoed a bill that would have allowed certain marijuana microbusinesses to ship medical cannabis products directly to patients via common carriers like FedEx and UPS, stating that the proposal “would be burdensome and overly complex to administer.” Newsom did sign a bill earlier that month aimed at streamlining research on marijuana and psychedelics. — Marijuana Moment is tracking hundreds of cannabis, psychedelics and drug policy bills in state legislatures and Congress this year. Patreon supporters pledging at least $25/month get access to our interactive maps, charts and hearing calendar so they don’t miss any developments. Learn more about our marijuana bill tracker and become a supporter on Patreon to get access. — Last September, the governor also signed a measure into law to put a pause on a recently enacted tax hike on marijuana products. Meanwhile, a lawmaker spoke to Marijuana moment about her decision to put her own bill to legalize cannabis dispensary drive-thru windows on hold for now. California’s treasurer recently said the marijuana legalization law that voters approved a decade ago has been a “complete failure” and should be replaced with a new ballot initiative that prioritizes consumers and small businesses. Republican gubernatorial candidate Steve Hilton, who is endorsed by President Donald Trump, recently told Marijuana Moment that taxes and regulations on cannabis are “too high.” The post California Has Generated $8.4 Billion In Marijuana Tax Revenue, Governor Announces appeared first on Marijuana Moment. View the live link on MarijuanaMoment.net

A California lawmaker is putting her own bill to legalize marijuana dispensary drive-thru windows on hold for now, she tells Marijuana Moment. The legislation from Assemblymember Gail Pellerin (D) had passed the full Assembly this session and advanced through a Senate committee, but the sponsor said she wasn’t sure it had enough support to get through the full chamber and onto the governor’s desk this year. “California cannabis retailers lack a common and accessible transaction path for consumers afforded by so many other retailers in California, including fast food, pharmacies, banks, to-go alcohol sales at restaurants and a limited number of liquor stores,” Pellerin told Marijuana Moment. “Cannabis consumers who have mobility issues or other disabilities have limited options for being able to obtain cannabis without having to step out of their vehicles.” The measure says that licensed cannabis retailers and microbusinesses with storefronts could sell marijuana products “to a customer in a motor vehicle in a drive-through located on the premises.” Under AB 2697, cannabis businesses would need approval from the local jurisdictions in which they operate in order to add the drive-thru option. “While home delivery is legal, there are service area restrictions,” Pellerin told Marijuana Moment. “I authored AB 2697 because it retained local authority while enhancing the consumer experience, increasing safety at cannabis retailers and helping expand California’s legal cannabis marketplace.” “We had great momentum with AB 2697, but unfortunately we were not confident we had the votes and decided it was best to put the bill on hold and continue the work and engagement at a later time,” the lawmaker said. The California Narcotic Officers’ Association opposed the proposal, however, with a representative testifying this session that it would be harder for dispensary workers to check customers’ IDs for age compliance or to detect signs of current intoxication at drive-thru windows. “This bill prioritizes speed of sale over public safety, while undermining current safeguards designed to prevent illegal sales and protect public safety,” he argued. Under a current policy enacted during the height of the COVID pandemic, dispensaries can already offer curbside pickup. The bill would mandate that drive-thru sales “shall occur through a fixed-pane security window with a security drawer or similar secure transfer mechanism that is part of a building located within the premises.” — Marijuana Moment is tracking hundreds of cannabis, psychedelics and drug policy bills in state legislatures and Congress this year. Patreon supporters pledging at least $25/month get access to our interactive maps, charts and hearing calendar so they don’t miss any developments. Learn more about our marijuana bill tracker and become a supporter on Patreon to get access. — Meanwhile, Gov. Gavin Newsom (D) this week signed separate legislation to more clearly define the types of marijuana packaging and labeling that is prohibited due to appealing to children. In June, the California Department of Cannabis Control rolled out a new AI tool to help businesses identify marijuana product packaging may appeal to kids in violation of existing state rules, which already ban cartoons on cannabis labels. California’s treasurer recently said the marijuana legalization law that voters approved a decade ago has been a “complete failure” and should be replaced with a new ballot initiative that prioritizes consumers and small businesses. The vice chair of the state Senate Budget Committee has floated the idea of putting a new initiative on the state ballot to “reverse” Proposition 64, for example, arguing that voters were misled and voicing concerns about the health impacts of marijuana use. Republican gubernatorial candidate Steve Hilton, who is endorsed by President Donald Trump, recently told Marijuana Moment that taxes and regulations on cannabis are “too high.” DCC recently released data showing how 97 percent of state cannabis enforcement actions in unincorporated cities have happened in counties that have locally banned licensed growers from operating. California regulators also recently adopted emergency rules changes for the state’s marijuana licensing process that are intended to make it easier for businesses to qualify for benefits in line with the Trump administration’s recent move to federally reschedule medical cannabis. Newsom recently took credit for helping to lead the push for the state to legalize marijuana and discussed his own limited experience with using cannabis. Last October, however, Newsom vetoed a bill that would have allowed certain marijuana microbusinesses to ship medical cannabis products directly to patients via common carriers like FedEx and UPS, stating that the proposal “would be burdensome and overly complex to administer.” Newsom did sign a bill earlier that month aimed at streamlining research on marijuana and psychedelics. Last September, the governor also signed a measure into law to put a pause on a recently enacted tax hike on marijuana products. Separately, the state attorney general says Indian tribes cannot independently engage in marijuana commerce with licensed cannabis businesses without first obtaining their own commercial license from state officials. California officials recently awarded nearly $30 million in grants for marijuana-focused academic research projects. The post California Bill To Legalize Marijuana Dispensary Drive-Thru Windows Is Put On Hold By Its Sponsor appeared first on Marijuana Moment. View the live link on MarijuanaMoment.net

Cannabis and its components appear to play a role in alleviating the symptoms of restless leg syndrome (RLS), according to a new scientific review. RLS is a neurological disorder that involves an urge to move the legs and that sometimes involves sensations like tingling or aching. “Cannabinoids—particularly CBD—may hold therapeutic promise in RLS through multi-system neurobiological effects,” the study, published in the Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology, said. Researchers at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences conducted a comprehensive search of previously published studies on the issue, ultimately deciding to include seven papers in their review. Current evidence indicates that cannabis, in various forms, may alleviate or prevent symptoms of RLS through multiple mechanisms,” they concluded, though they also cautioned that studies published to date are “limited to case reports, cross-sectional surveys, and post hoc analyses.” High-quality randomized controlled trials will be needed to support more sweeping conclusions and recommendations about the use of medical marijuana to treat RLS, they said. “The evidence suggests that cannabis or cannabidiol may improve or prevent RLS symptoms.” That said, the scientific review includes a number of existing studies that provide initial evidence for cannabinoids’ efficacy in addressing RLS. Every patient in one study saw “complete relief in their symptoms” after starting cannabis. Another study found that “all patients, except one, reported complete or near-complete improvement in symptoms of RLS with marijuana smoking.” A third study found that half of patients who also had end-stage renal disease reported complete relief from RLS symptoms after using cannabis. “Topical application of CBD improved RLS significantly after two weeks, and smoked marijuana had better relief in symptoms of RLS compared to medical cannabis.” “This scoping review shows that use of illicit or medical cannabis can either prevent or improve symptoms of RLS, including refractory RLS,” the authors of the new paper concluded, though they reiterated that the existing evidence base is of “low quality” due to the lack of randomized controlled trials. “Despite these limitations, existing evidence indicates a potential role for cannabis in the management of RLS, primarily when available therapies do not provide optimal relief, lose efficacy over time, or have some disabling adverse effects,” they said, adding that the results of their review “invite cautious optimism regarding the role of cannabis and cannabinoids in RLS.” “The current evidence positions cannabis and cannabinoids as a potential adjunct rather than a replacement for established therapies. They may be worth considering in carefully selected patients—particularly those with refractory symptoms or intolerance to standard treatments—but only with a clear understanding of the uncertainties involved.” A separate recently published study concluded that people with RLS could find “significant” long-term relief with cannabis treatment. That research found that a cannabis product containing 2.7mg THC and 2.5mg CBD “was effective in reducing RLS severity” among patients with multiple sclerosis and “associated idiopathic RLS.” “Improvements were observed after 1 and 3 months of treatment and were maintained after 1 year among patients who continued therapy,” the study of 18 patients with RLS showed. For those that remained on treatment after one year, 67 percent “continued to show sustained improvement.” Photo courtesy of Mike Latimer. The post Cannabis Has ‘Therapeutic Promise’ For People With Restless Leg Syndrome, Scientific Review Concludes appeared first on Marijuana Moment. View the live link on MarijuanaMoment.net

House and Senate lawmakers from both major parties say it’s time for Congress to get to work crafting regulations for hemp THC products now that legislation to delay a scheduled ban on them is poised to be enacted. Hemp derivatives with less than 0.3 percent delta-9 THC on a dry-weight basis were federally legalized under the 2018 Farm Bill that President Donald Trump signed during his first term in office. But late last year, the president signed new legislation containing provisions that redefined hemp to make it so only products with 0.4 milligrams of total THC per container would remain legal after November 12. The House of Representatives on Tuesday, however, approved a Senate-passed funding bill that contains provisions to delay the effective date of most parts of the hemp product ban, with an exception for synthetics, until December 11. Sen. Tim Sheehy (R-MT) said in a video posted to social media after the vote that his home state of Montana has an “an incredibly strong hemp industry” and that he and other lawmakers have “fought hard to make sure that hemp-derived beverages and those pain management products that are so important for our seniors and veterans remain legal.” The senator posted the video after meeting with members of the hemp industry. “We’re standing here supporting this industry because it’s critical to our farmers and it’s critical to our veterans and seniors. Our veterans and seniors for too long have been pushed to use opioids and alcohol for pain management, and hemp-derived beverages have provided a very healthy and easily accessible alternative,” he said. “We’re trying to regulate the industry so that only adults can access these beverages, they are FDA approved and healthy and, most importantly, they’re an alternative for folks to use besides the opioids and besides alcohol.” Countless American farmers, veterans, seniors, and those living with chronic pain depend on hemp-derived products. Proud to support them. pic.twitter.com/fIsysaQJla — Tim Sheehy (@TimSheehyMT) September 2, 2026 Sen. Amy Klobuchar (D-MN) said the House’s vote to send the delay of the ban to Trump’s desk this week is “good news for Minnesota’s farmers, brewers, small businesses, and customers.” Good news: The House just passed a bipartisan bill with a key provision based on my legislation to delay the federal hemp ban, which I opposed last year. It’s headed to the President’s desk & he should sign it immediately. This gives us time to find a long-term solution for our… — Amy Klobuchar (@amyklobuchar) September 2, 2026 “The President should sign this bipartisan bill into law immediately,” she said. “This delay will give Minnesota hemp’s producers, retailers, and customers certainty, and give Congress more time to get to a long-term fix.” Sen. Tina Smith (D-MN) noted in a press release that she and her home-state colleague Klobuchar “worked hard to delay this ban until December, which will now be signed into law.” “Adults should have the freedom to purchase a THC beverage if they want to. Minnesota has created one of the strongest, most carefully regulated systems in the country to allow the sale of hemp products,” she said. “The initial ban set to take place was ill-advised and would have hurt both hemp farmers and Minnesota breweries alike. We still need a long-term solution for this, but for now the industry can keep moving forward.” Rep. Morgan Griffith (R-VA) sent a press release touting a bill he introduced this session to keep hemp products legal and regulate them. “American producers and consumers deserve nothing less than a system that upholds oversight, responsibility and safety. My bill, the HEMP Act, helps do this by getting the ball rolling on the establishment of necessary federal guardrails,” he said. “I believe that should my bill receive collective buy-in from the White House, lawmakers and stakeholders, the HEMP Act can become law.” Meanwhile, a handful of other congressional Republicans threatened this week to upend their leadership’s agenda in protest of the hemp product ban delay advancing, but they did not succeed. The funding bill’s provision to delay the ban, which is supported by the White House and is now headed to Trump to be signed into law, contains a carve-out to allow the immediate recriminalization on November 12 of synthetic cannabinoids “that are not capable of being naturally produced by a Cannabis sativa L. plant.” A number of lawmakers from both chambers and both parties have filed or are circulating a growing number of bills to prevent the scheduled federal recriminalization of hemp THC drinks and other products. Until now, none of those proposals have gained traction with congressional leaders. For example, Reps. Beth Van Duyne (R-TX) and Greg Landsman (D-OH) filed a bill to keep hemp THC drinks legal while taxing and regulating them like alcohol. Rep. James Comer (R-KY), who chairs the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee, is circulating legislation that would delay a planned federal ban on hemp THC products and institute some regulations—including packaging requirements, testing rules and age limits. Separately, Rep. Andy Barr (R-KY), filed a lengthier proposal to prevent the federal recriminalization of hemp THC products and put in place a number of regulations for manufacturing, labeling, sales and taxation of hemp-derived products, including an age limit of 21. The post Bipartisan Lawmakers Turn Focus To Regulating Hemp THC Products Now That A Federal Ban Is Being Delayed appeared first on Marijuana Moment. View the live link on MarijuanaMoment.net

CA gov signs marijuana labeling bill; 10 states made over half of cannabis arrests; Study: THC can produce psychedelic-like effects; Hemp seed op-ed Subscribe to receive Marijuana Moment’s newsletter in your inbox every weekday morning. It’s the best way to make sure you know which cannabis stories are shaping the day. Get our daily newsletter. Email address: Leave this field empty if you're human: Your support makes Marijuana Moment possible… Free to read (but not free to produce)! We’re proud of our newsletter and the reporting we publish at Marijuana Moment, and we’re happy to provide it for free. But it takes a lot of work and resources to make this happen. If you value Marijuana Moment, invest in our success on Patreon so we can expand our coverage and more readers can benefit: https://www.patreon.com/marijuanamoment / TOP THINGS TO KNOW The House of Representatives approved a Senate-passed funding bill with provisions to delay the federal recriminalization of hemp THC products that industry supporters hope will give lawmakers more time to craft regulations as an alternative to prohibition—sending the measure to President Donald Trump. Rep. Andy Harris (R-MD) and a handful of other GOP marijuana prohibitionists tried and failed to derail House leadership’s agenda for the week in protest of legislation to delay the federal recriminalization of hemp THC products. California Gov. Gavin Newsom (D) signed a bill to more clearly define the types of marijuana packaging and labeling that is prohibited for appealing to children. A new NORML analysis of FBI data shows that just ten states were responsible for over half of the marijuana arrests in the U.S. last year. A new study found that “high-dose cannabis can produce psychedelic-like states”—a result that researchers said could help to address functional unblinding issues in future trials on psilocybin and other psychedelics. “Oral Δ9-THC, when administered under the set and setting conditions of a typical psychedelic clinical trial, can occasion subjective effects with phenomenological overlap with those of psilocybin.” The American Seed and Innovation & Growth Alliance Jessica Wasserman argues in a new Marijuana Moment op-ed that allowing hemp seeds to be banned as a “side effect” of the broader federal recriminalization of hemp THC products “would be a lose-lose for American agriculture and American innovation alike.” “American hemp farmers deserve to know their seed supply is not about to become collateral damage in a fight that was never about them.” / FEDERAL The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration tweeted, “Your health matters. Marijuana can affect: Brain health Mental health Athletic Performance Driving Baby’s health and development Daily life” Reps. Cathy Castor (D-FL) and Darren Soto (D-FL) sent a letter asking the Department of Health and Human Services Office of Inspector General and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services to investigate a grand jury’s finding that Florida officials misappropriated $10 million in Medicaid settlement funds, including to campaign against a marijuana legalization ballot initiative. The House bill to regulate hemp THC products got two new cosponsors for a total of seven. The House bill to codify parts of President Donald Trump’s psychedelics executive order got one new cosponsor for a total of seven. / STATES Washington, D.C. Mayor Muriel Bowser (D) signed a bill amending various medical cannabis business rules. Minnesota regulators published guidance about preparing for scheduled changes to federal hemp laws. Massachusetts regulators are now accepting applications for the cannabis social equity program. Maine regulators are distributing 12,000 free lockable cannabis storage bags. Oregon regulators sent an update about merging oversight of the cannabis and psilocybin programs. California regulators sent updates on various cannabis issues. — Marijuana Moment is tracking hundreds of cannabis, psychedelics and drug policy bills in state legislatures and Congress this year. Patreon supporters pledging at least $25/month get access to our interactive maps, charts and hearing calendar so they don’t miss any developments. Learn more about our marijuana bill tracker and become a supporter on Patreon to get access. — / INTERNATIONAL United Nations officials are calling on the U.S. to end what they called “unlawful killings” in military strikes on suspected drug boats. / SCIENCE & HEALTH A study found that “higher cannabis use frequency was associated with lower appetite, eating fewer meals per day, and eating a less nutritious diet.” A review concluded that “evidence from animal models suggests that isolated CBD exerts promising but heterogeneous behavioral effects in [autism spectrum disorder]-relevant paradigms, supported by neurobiological changes that may help explain some behavioral outcomes.” / ADVOCACY, OPINION & ANALYSIS The American Bar Association published an analysis of federal and Texas hemp issues. / BUSINESS Klutch Cannabis is acquiring an Ohio dispensary from Culture Cannabis. Decibel Cannabis Company Inc. began trading on the TSX Venture Exchange following a share consolidation. Glass House Brands won a partial victory in a property tax dispute with Ventura County, California officials. Make sure to subscribe to get Marijuana Moment’s daily dispatch in your inbox. Get our daily newsletter. Email address: Leave this field empty if you're human: Photo courtesy of Mike Latimer. The post Hemp ban delay passes Congress, heads to Trump’s desk (Newsletter: September 2, 2026) appeared first on Marijuana Moment. View the live link on MarijuanaMoment.net

A handful of congressional Republicans threatened this week to upend their leadership’s agenda in protest of legislation to delay the scheduled federal recriminalization of hemp THC products from taking effect. Hemp derivatives with less than 0.3 percent delta-9 THC on a dry-weight basis were federally legalized under the 2018 Farm Bill that President Donald Trump signed during his first term in office. But late last year, the president signed new legislation containing provisions that redefined hemp to make it so only products with 0.4 milligrams of total THC per container would remain legal after November 12. The House of Representatives on Tuesday, however, approved a Senate-passed funding bill that contains provisions to delay the effective date of most parts of the ban, with an exception for synthetics, until December 11. Rep. Andy Harris (R-MD) and several other members knew that they didn’t have enough votes to block that bipartisan funding bill, known as a continuing resolution, so they set out instead to block a rule for consideration of a separate package of largely partisan GOP-led legislation touching on issues such as condemning socialism, defending Israel from boycotts and the mining of mineral. Harris, chairman of the House Freedom Caucus, voted against the rule on Tuesday, as did Reps. Pete Sessions (R-TX) and Chip Roy (R-TX), each of whom cited the hemp product ban as among the issues they want to take a stand against their own party’s leadership over. Dangerous “gas station weed” is being sold in convenience stores across the country — and some products can contain even more THC than marijuana. A loophole in the 2018 Farm Bill allowed these unregulated products to flood the market. I worked to close that loophole. Now, the… pic.twitter.com/5iMo1Sw4o9 — Rep. Andy Harris, MD (@RepAndyHarrisMD) September 1, 2026 But their opposition, along with that of Rep. Clay Higgins (R-LA), was not enough to defeat the rule clearing the way for House leadership’s agenda for the week to advance. Two Democrats—Reps. Marie Gluesenkamp Perez (D-WA) and Jared Golden (D-ME)—voted with Republicans to approve the rule, 210-208. Harris complained in a social media post that THC products are “being sold in convenience stores across the country,” saying that some “can contain even more THC than marijuana.” Sessions, for his part, said he wanted House leaders to “change” the bill by removing the hemp ban delay provision. “Let’s just make it a clean CR. I’ll vote for that,” he said. Roy, for his part, said in a letter to leadership that he had “serious concerns” about issues in the bill that “Congress should address rather than simply extend,” including its “treatment of harmful intoxicating hemp products.” I have similar concerns. Suspension, Hemp, CISA, Planned Parenthood, Surface Transportation (with no kill switch or flock fix), delay of OMB grant rule… to name a few. So Rule is an issue… https://t.co/10J7Y9zUNe — Chip Roy (@chiproytx) August 31, 2026 Rep. Nancy Mace (R-SC), for her part, criticized her colleagues for threatening to delay their party’s agenda over hemp. “There are a few House Republicans so upset the Continuing Resolution includes a delay in the implementation of the Mitch McConnell-backed language to ban most consumable hemp-derived products from the marketplace, they are threatening to vote against this week’s rule, which has nothing to do with the CR,” she said in a Facebook post. “Make that make sense.” Rep. Rick Crawford (R-AR), who did not join other prohibitionists in voting against House leadership to protest the hemp move, said in a social media post that he opposes delaying the ban. “Congress legalized hemp in the 2018 Farm Bill for agricultural uses like fiber, not as a backdoor for intoxicating products. Modern extraction techniques turn low THC hemp into gummies, snacks and drinks; items that can particularly cause risk to children,” he said. “Unregulated, intoxicating products should not remain on the market. The currently scheduled restrictions close this gap. A delay prolongs the harm. I sincerely hope that the ban goes into effect without further delay.” I supported the Continuing Resolution to extend government funding through December 11th. It responsibly averts a shutdown and gives Congress more time for negotiation. However, I oppose the Senate provision delaying closure of the “hemp loophole.” Congress legalized hemp in the… — Rep. Rick Crawford (@RepRickCrawford) September 1, 2026 House Appropriations Committee Chairman Tom Cole (R-OK), said he was “sympathetic” to concerns from Harris and others about use of the funding bill to address the hemp issue. “This should not have been on here, CR should not be controversial, so I’m sympathetic with that,” he said, though he also criticized the handful of GOP holdouts for using the rule as “leverage” for their concerns. “A lot of this is we’ve got a group that wants to leverage the procedural votes to extract things that the majority of us probably don’t want to do. I find that disappointing,” he said, according to The Hill. “I mean, if you’re going to be a member of the Republican conference, you ought to be able to vote for the rule. It’s just that simple, and you shouldn’t use it to leverage things against your own team. You want to vote against the bill? That’s perfectly fine, and that’s true in any bill. Your final vote on the bill is up to you, but blackmailing your colleagues is not the way to build an effective team.” The funding bill’s provision to delay the ban, which is supported by the White House and is now headed to Trump to be signed into law, contains a carve-out to allow the immediate recriminalization on November 12 of synthetic cannabinoids “that are not capable of being naturally produced by a Cannabis sativa L. plant.” A number of lawmakers from both chambers and both parties have filed or are circulating a growing number of bills to prevent the scheduled federal recriminalization of hemp THC drinks and other products later this year. Until now, none of those proposals have gained traction with congressional leaders. For example, Reps. Beth Van Duyne (R-TX) and Greg Landsman (D-OH) filed a bill to keep hemp THC drinks legal while taxing and regulating them like alcohol. Rep. James Comer (R-KY), who chairs the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee, is circulating legislation that would delay a planned federal ban on hemp THC products and institute some regulations—including packaging requirements, testing rules and age limits. Separately, Rep. Andy Barr (R-KY), filed a lengthier proposal to prevent the federal recriminalization of hemp THC products and put in place a number of regulations for manufacturing, labeling, sales and taxation of hemp-derived products, including an age limit of 21. The post GOP Hemp Opponents Fail To Derail House Agenda In Protest Of Delaying THC Product Ban appeared first on Marijuana Moment. View the live link on MarijuanaMoment.net

The U.S. House of Representatives has passed a bill that contains provisions to delay the federal recriminalization of hemp THC products that is currently scheduled to take effect in November. The legislation, which has already been approved by the Senate, is intended to give lawmakers more time to craft regulations as an alternative to prohibition. It now heads to President Donald Trump’s desk. The provision is part of legislation, which cleared the House in a 370-48 vote on Tuesday, to keep the federal government funded through December 11—past the end of the current fiscal year on September 30. If enacted into law, the effective date of the hemp product ban would also be moved to December 11. The Senate last month rejected an amendment from Sen. Ted Budd (R-NC) and several cosponsors that would have removed the hemp ban delay provision from the funding bill, tabling it in a vote of 61-32, and the passing the overall legislation 90-6. Hemp derivatives with less than 0.3 percent delta-9 THC on a dry-weight basis were federally legalized under the 2018 Farm Bill that President Donald Trump signed during his first term in office. But late last year, the president signed new legislation containing provisions that will redefine hemp to make it so only products with 0.4 milligrams of total THC per container will remain legal after November 12. The funding bill’s provision to delay the ban, which is supported by the White House, contains a carve-out to allow the immediate recriminalization on November 12 of synthetic cannabinoids “that are not capable of being naturally produced by a Cannabis sativa L. plant.” Rep. Jim Baird (R-IN), who has sponsored standalone legislation to delay the scheduled hemp ban, said he is “proud to also see a priority of mine included” in the funding bill. “This short extension of the current hemp definition will provide Congress and farmers the time needed to develop a long-term solution.,” he said in a press release. “Producers deserve as much certainty as possible in deciding what to plant. Farmers should have the freedom to plant the crops that best serve their operations and profits.” Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Director Mehmet Oz sent a letter to senators expressing “grave concern” that the amendment to remove the delay would undermine the administration’s initiative to cover hemp-derived products through Medicare. Separately, the White House pushed back on the idea that the president’s support for keeping hemp products legal is intended to benefit the son-in-law of Trump’s chief of staff, who owns businesses in the industry—with a spokesperson saying that the administration’s advocacy is in “the best interest of the American people” and is aimed at helping veterans and other people who use hemp products for medical purposes. During a “tense” meeting with Senate Republicans about the issue, White House Director of Legislative Affairs James Braid reportedly committed that there would be no further extensions of the hemp ban’s effective date if the current proposal was enacted into law, though it was reported soon after that the staffer would be leaving the administration in September. Jonathan Miller, general counsel for the U.S. Hemp Roundtable, said on Tuesday that the industry is “grateful to the president and large bipartisan majorities in Congress for the lifeline of a 30-day extension.” “Now the important work comes: passing in December robust regulation that cracks down on illicit sales to minors, honors our commitments to farmers and ensures that safe hemp and CBD products are manufactured for adults, particularly seniors and veterans who rely on them for their health and wellness,” he said. Jim Higdon, co-founder and chief communications officer for Cornbread Hemp, said that “one month is not much time.” “Still, it gives us the chance to work on this issue after Election Day to build a long-needed regulatory framework that preserves interstate commerce for low-dose hemp THC beverages and full-spectrum CBD products, including the 3-milligram-per-serving THC standard for CBD products already established under the CMS Medicare pilot,” he said. “This hemp extension ends the debate over whether low-dose hemp products should be regulated or subject to re-criminalization. The work now is to write the regulations for full spectrum CBD, topical and pet products, and low-dose THC beverages sold to American consumers in interstate commerce.” But Chris Lindsey, vice president of policy and state advocacy, for the American Trade Association for Cannabis and Hemp, said his group is “disappointed” in the delay, even if it was expected. “Our sights are set on December,” he said. “The loophole empowers bad actors, threatens public health, and undermines state regulations. We urge Congress to end the scourge of ‘gas station weed.'” Dueling coalitions of police, military veterans and industry groups sent letters pushing Congress in different directions on whether the planned federal recriminalization of hemp THC products should move forward as scheduled or be delayed. Additionally, a bipartisan coalition of 35 state and territory attorneys general sent a letter calling on Congress not to reverse the hemp THC product ban, saying that lawmakers’ move to enact the forthcoming prohibition “protected consumers, provided much-needed regulatory clarity, and preserved legitimate industrial, agricultural, and nonintoxicating hemp markets.” The Beverage Alcohol Merchants Coalition (BAMCO), which represents major alcohol retailers, is supporting the move to delay the hemp product ban—saying it provides industry supporters with more time to convince Congress to “establish a responsible federal framework for low-dose hemp-derived THC beverages.” BAMCO’s members include Total Wine & More, BevMo! by Gopuff, ABC Fine Wine & Spirits, Spec’s Wine and Spirits & Finer Foods, as well as a group of hemp product wholesalers. The group supports incorporating hemp THC drinks into the existing three-tier system for alcoholic beverages, along with new requirements for testing, labeling, marketing and taxation in tandem with flexibility for state regulations. Other alcohol industry groups such as Wine & Spirits Wholesalers of America have also backed regulating hemp products instead of prohibiting them. A number of lawmakers from both chambers and both parties have filed or are circulating a growing number of bills to prevent the scheduled federal recriminalization of hemp THC drinks and other products later this year. Until now, none of those proposals have gained traction with congressional leaders. For example, Reps. Beth Van Duyne (R-TX) and Greg Landsman (D-OH) filed a bill to keep hemp THC drinks legal while taxing and regulating them like alcohol. Rep. James Comer (R-KY), who chairs the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee, is circulating legislation that would delay a planned federal ban on hemp THC products and institute some regulations—including packaging requirements, testing rules and age limits. Separately, Rep. Andy Barr (R-KY), filed a lengthier proposal to prevent the federal recriminalization of hemp THC products and put in place a number of regulations for manufacturing, labeling, sales and taxation of hemp-derived products, including an age limit of 21. Trump and White House officials have in recent weeks repeatedly pressed Congress to delay, alter or reverse the ban. In a letter to House Speaker Mike Johnson (R-LA) in June, for example, White House Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Director Russell Vought said the Trump administration wants lawmakers to “ensure the fair treatment of hemp products”—specifically citing Barr’s earlier amendment to keep many hemp products legal while adding regulations and taxes. The administration “welcomes the opportunity to work with the Congress to, at a minimum, update the statutory definition of final hemp-derived cannabinoid products to allow Americans to benefit from access to appropriate full-spectrum CBD products,” OMB separately said in June, “while preserving the Congress’s intent to restrict the sale of products that pose serious health risks.” Also in April, the president himself urged congressional lawmakers to again redefine hemp to avoid recriminalization of full-spectrum CBD products. “I am calling on Congress to update the Law to ensure that Americans can continue to access the full-spectrum CBD products they have come to rely on, and that help them, while preserving Congress’s intent to restrict the sale of products that pose Health risks,” Trump said in a Truth Social post. “We must get this done RIGHT and FAST, especially for those who saw that CBD helps them,” he said. “Plus, I am told it will also help our GREAT FARMERS, who we love, and will always be there for.” Industry advocates say that the law as enacted last year not only threatens to prohibit intoxicating and synthetic cannabinoid products but also stands to remove popular full-spectrum CBD products that many Americans use therapeutically from the market. “ONE in FIVE adults used it in the past year, and many say it improved their chronic pain enormously,” the president said in his social media post, adding that hemp-derived CBD “has made a HUGE difference for so many people.” He also referenced a new initiative the administration launched in April to cover up to $500 worth of hemp-derived products each year for eligible Medicare patients. The program being implemented by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) focuses largely on CBD but also allows products to have up to 3 milligrams of total THC per serving. A federal judge granted the government’s motion to dismiss marijuana legalization opponents’ lawsuit challenging the initiative, but that is being appealed. “In December, I signed a very important Executive Order calling for Research and Innovation for Hemp-derived CBD,” Trump said. “Our wonderful Dr. Mehmet Oz moved fast to follow the directive in the Executive Order, and launched a model for some Seniors earlier this month. But more must be done!” “Please get it done, and SOON,” the president said in reference to a congressional fix for the broad recriminalization set to take effect in November. “Thank you for your attention to this matter!” The Wine & Spirits Wholesalers of America (WSWA), an alcohol industry trade association issued praise for Barr’s bipartisan hemp regulation bill, but said the measure’s tax provisions require “continued discussion.” Hemp policy observers expect to see a Senate companion bill to Barr’s proposal filed soon, likely from Sens. Tim Sheehy (R-MT) and Amy Klobuchar (D-MN). Sheehy recently cited hemp legislation as an area where Republicans and Democrats can work together in an otherwise “hyperpartisan time.” — Marijuana Moment is tracking hundreds of cannabis, psychedelics and drug policy bills in state legislatures and Congress this year. Patreon supporters pledging at least $25/month get access to our interactive maps, charts and hearing calendar so they don’t miss any developments. Learn more about our marijuana bill tracker and become a supporter on Patreon to get access. — Meanwhile, a new poll from NuggMD found that most cannabis consumers say that state-level hemp product bans that lawmakers are enacting in line with the planned federal recriminalization move are causing them to shift their purchases toward licensed marijuana businesses. The National Restaurant Association recently sent a letter urging congressional leaders to delay the federal recriminalization of hemp THC beverages and replace it with a regulatory framework that “ensures consumer safety while meeting growing market demand” for the products as an alternative to alcohol. Major retailer Target, meanwhile, recently moved to expand its sales of hemp THC drinks into more states. The post House Passes Bill To Delay Hemp THC Product Ban, Sending It To Trump’s Desk appeared first on Marijuana Moment. View the live link on MarijuanaMoment.net

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“American hemp farmers deserve to know their seed supply is not about to become collateral damage in a fight that was never about them.” By Jessica Wasserman, American Seed and Innovation & Growth Alliance On November 12, the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) could become the primary regulator of America’s hemp seed supply. Not because Congress debated and decided it should be, but because of a single sentence, tucked into last December’s FY2026 appropriations bill. If Section 781 of that legislation takes effect as written for seed, it will pull DEA into the regulation of hemp seed, reclassifying it as a potential Schedule I substance subject to destruction. Farmers and research institutions that simply hold seed in inventory, as they do every single season, in barns, coolers and university breeding programs, will suddenly find themselves in possession of a federally controlled substance. The American Seed and Innovation & Growth Alliance (ASIGA) has spent months meeting with dozens of members of Congress and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) officials educating them about this issue. Lawmakers across the spectrum agree the provision is misguided. The trouble is that the broader, more contentious fight over intoxicating hemp products has swallowed the oxygen in the room, leaving this narrower but urgent agricultural issue struggling to break through. Limiting the hemp seed supply is a mistake Congress cannot afford to make. If the seed provision is not fixed or its implementation is not further delayed, the provision will take effect automatically on November 12, harming the very farmers Congress says it wants to protect. Hemp farmers will lose access to affordable seed and genetics moving in interstate commerce and for no apparent benefit. The longer-term costs are even steeper. Other countries are investing aggressively in hemp genetics and innovation, developing next-generation applications in insulation, automotive interiors and other industrial uses that depend on stable access to improved plant varieties. Genetic innovation is a long game. It takes years of breeding, testing and seed multiplication to bring a better fiber or grain variety to market. If American researchers and seed companies cannot move seed and genetic material freely across state lines, the U.S. hemp sector will fall behind in exactly the kind of innovation race it should be positioned to win. The Section 781 hemp seed provision is also a small business problem. Seed purveyors and seed banks are, by and large, small and specialized operations. A rule forcing them to trace every seed lot back to a specific tested parent plant, crop or field would impose costs and paperwork many simply cannot absorb. Some will exit the business. Others will pass the costs on to farmers as higher seed prices, at a time when input costs across agriculture are already a source of real strain. There is no problem with seed regulation that needs to be fixed. Seed regulation has worked effectively since the 2018 Farm Bill. Hemp seed is treated like all other agricultural seed in the United States: regulated by USDA under the Federal Seed Act for quality, purity and truth in labeling, and free to move in interstate commerce. This framework has functioned well for nearly a decade. Section 781 would replace this workable system with burdensome regulation requiring seed to be traced back to a specific parent plant, crop or field that has been tested. This approach would be expensive, inflationary and disruptive. Section 781 solves a problem that does not exist. Congress does not have the luxury of waiting for the next Farm Bill or a regular-order appropriations package. Farmers need a solution before November 12. Lawmakers need to act now. Waiting for the “right” bill is not a strategy. It is a guarantee that the deadline arrives first. The farmers who grow industrial hemp for fiber, grain and the emerging materials economy and the seed providers are not asking for anything new. They are not asking for a carve-out or a special favor. They are asking Congress to preserve a system of seed regulation that has already proven it works for nearly a decade, treating hemp seed the same as every other agricultural seed in America. Allowing Section 781 to upend that system, as a side effect of a fight over intoxicating hemp, would be a lose-lose for American agriculture and American innovation alike. Members of Congress on both sides of the aisle have told us privately that an expensive traceback regulation for seed is not what they intended. The fix is straightforward and narrow—continue to regulate seed according to the chemistry of the seed, zero THC. Congress still has time to get this right. We hope, and expect, that it will. But that window is closing fast, and American hemp farmers deserve to know their seed supply is not about to become collateral damage in a fight that was never about them. Jessica Wasserman is executive director of the American Seed and Innovation & Growth Alliance (ASIGA). The post Hemp Seeds Could Be Banned As A Side Effect Of The Fight Over THC Products (Op-Ed) appeared first on Marijuana Moment. View the live link on MarijuanaMoment.net

A recently released FBI report shows that more than 200,000 people were arrested marijuana-related offenses in the U.S. last year—and more than half of those cannabis busts were made by police in just ten states. Texas, North Carolina, Wisconsin, Georgia, Tennessee, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Indiana, Louisiana and Alabama police carried out more than 131,000 marijuana arrests in 2025, according to a new analysis of the federal data from NORML. That’s about 60 percent of the nationwide total. Texas alone saw more than 29,000 cannabis arrests last year—accounting for about 14 percent of the nation’s marijuana busts—with 98 percent of those being for possession alone. Police in North Carolina, Georgia, Pennsylvania, Tennessee and Wisconsin each reported more than 12,000 marijuana arrests last year—all with 90 percent or more for possession only. “Today, the threat of arrest for cannabis possession largely comes down to geography,” NORML Deputy Director Paul Armentano said. “In nearly half the states in this country, low-level marijuana arrests have fallen nearly to zero. Elsewhere in America, police continue to disrupt hundreds of thousands of lives and waste countless tax dollars and prosecutorial resources on activities that most Americans no longer believe ought to be a crime and that, throughout much of the United States, no longer is.” Louisiana had the highest percent of total drug arrests accounted for by cannabis possession, at 62 percent. That state’s governor recently signed legislation that threatens to send people to jail for up to one year if they smoke marijuana within 2,000 feet of a school property—including a college campus. NORML’s analysis points out that marijuana arrests have generally decreased significantly in states that have legalized cannabis—though some jurisdictions that have enacted the reform continue to see significant numbers of marijuana busts. Illinois police, for example, reported 5,731 cannabis possession arrests last year, and Washington, D.C. police carried out 1,336 such busts. Meanwhile, the overall FBI report likely understates the true number of people busted for marijuana, given inconsistencies in the federal data and questions about the agency’s changing methodology from recent years, as well as the fact that about 13 percent of state and local law enforcement agencies did not contribute information for 2025. The full 2025 data set is based on more than 13 million criminal offenses reported to the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program, which is used to document and analyze national crime trends. The report covers 96.2 percent of the U.S. population, FBI said. This latest data shows that cannabis-related offenses increased year over year, jumping to 200,960 marijuana possession busts in 2025 from 187,792 in the year prior, and to 17,192 sales or manufacturing arrests from 16,244 in 2024. All told, marijuana busts accounted for a quarter of all drug arrests in 2025—more than for any other specifically listed substance—with 92 percent of cannabis incidents stemming from possession alone. Despite the uptick in marijuana arrests from 2024 to 2025, advocates note that busts have been trending overall downward in recent years, which they attribute largely to the success of the expanding state-level legalization movement. Because not all agencies provide complete data for the reporting periods, FBI has explained that the bureau calculates estimated crime numbers, essentially extrapolating “by following a standard estimation procedure using the data provided.” In terms of total reported arrests for a category labelled “drug/narcotic,” for example, FBI said there were 858,852 arrests. At the same time, frustrations over FBI’s inconsistent data reporting on cannabis and other drug arrest trends have persisted. Various sections of the report provide different numbers for seemingly similar categories of offenses. One FBI table says that there were 1,492,005 “Drug/Narcotic Offenses” in 2025. Another uses the figure for 1,656,774 under the same heading. A third puts the total at 1,958,377. Another section says there were 845,031 arrests for drug abuse violations in 2025, accounting for about 11 percent of the approximately 7.5 million estimated arrests nationwide. Other FBI tables say, inconsistently, that there were 754,497 or 768,170 drug abuse violations in 2025. The FBI data also attempts to show trends over time, indicating that there were 1,157,129 drug offenses charged in 2016 and 645,512 drug offenses charged in 2025—a reduction of about 44 percent, though it’s not clear how much of the change is due to the agency’s shifting methodology for reporting arrests and how much is due to actual changes in enforcement practices and state drug laws over the past decade. In terms of controlled substances seized in 2024, the agency said were 408,688 marijuana seizures and 5,378 hashish seizures out of 1,122,990 total drug seizures, representing about 37 percent of enforcement actions. FBI’s arrest data is widely relied on by lawmakers, researchers and media to understand and contextualize law enforcement trends. Any inconsistencies influence not just the public’s understanding of crime and law enforcement, but also potentially how policy is crafted and implemented. The post These Ten States Were Responsible For More Than Half The Marijuana Arrests In The U.S. Last Year appeared first on Marijuana Moment. View the live link on MarijuanaMoment.net

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High doses of THC from marijuana may have psychoactive effects that are hard to distinguish from those caused by the psychedelic psilocybin, according to a new study. The results, researchers said, could have implications for future clinical trials of psychedelics by helping to address the problem of “unblinding” where participants are able to tell whether they have received the drug being tested, a place or a comparator substance. That issued could potentially be avoided by administering cannabis products to participants in the non-psychedelic control group, the new paper indicates. The study, conducted by researchers with the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, involved four adults who underwent three or four sessions during which they were given either 25 milligrams of psilocybin, 25 milligrams of THC, 50 milligrams of THC or a placebo. The THC was administered either as a synthetic (dronabinol) or a whole-plant cannabis distillate extract. Participants were told that ketamine, dextromethorphan, (DMT) and (MDMA) could also be administered, but they weren’t actually used during the study. Both the participants and the facilitators of their sessions were blinded to what was actually received at the time, and they were asked to guess afterwards. Every participant was able to correctly guess when they had received a placebo or when they had received the real psychedelic. However, “the 25 mg dronabinol condition was rated as more similar to a classic psychedelic or dissociative than a cannabinoid, while the 50 mg distillate condition was perceived as predominantly sedative- or dissociative-like, but also moderately like a classic psychedelic by the one participant who received it,” the researchers wrote. “Both participants that received distillate correctly identified the 25 mg Δ9-THC dose as most similar to a cannabinoid and the participant that received the 50 mg Δ9-THC dose of distillate indicated that the drug was most similar to either a sedative or dissociative drug, with moderate similarity to a classic psychedelic, but rating the drug as having no similarity to a cannabinoid… While one participant with prior psychedelic use history rated 25 mg THC (distillate) as most similar to a cannabinoid, the other participant with prior psychedelic use history rated 25 mg THC (dronabinol) as most similar to a dissociative or psychedelic, suggesting that prior psychedelic use history alone did not completely determine subjective experience, blinding, or drug similarity assessments.” The whole-plant cannabis distillate extract of THC was rated by participants as having “a stronger overall subjective drug effect than equivalent doses” of the synthetic dronabinol, the paper, published in the journal Psychopharmacology, said. “25 mg Δ9-THC in both forms yielded a subjective experience similar to 25 mg psilocybin.” Prior experience with psychedelics “did not appear to significantly impact” participants’ being able to correctly differentiate the effects of cannabis and psilocybin, the researchers said. “These preliminary data suggest that a 25 mg oral dose of pure, synthetic Δ9-THC can be mistaken for a classic hallucinogen, and that oral Δ9-THC can elicit a psychedelic-like experience under set and setting conditions of a typical psychedelic clinical trial,” the study said. The researchers said that comparators used in psychedelic clinical trials to date “generally fail to preserve the blinding of drug administration due to the unique nature of psychedelic drug effects, including ‘mystical-type’ experiences.” The current results suggest that “an appropriate dose of Δ9-THC may provide an adequate active comparator condition for ongoing psychedelic clinical trials,” they said. The study was designed to mimic the set and setting in which psychedelic research is typically carried out. Participants laid on a couch, wore eye shades, listened to music and were told to “turn inward and be present for whatever arises within consciousness.” “High-dose cannabis can produce psychedelic-like states.” The general lack of ability of some participants to distinguish between the effects of the substances tested demonstrates that “Δ9-THC can produce substantial alterations in consciousness under optimized set and setting and may offer a viable component in the development of improved active-control conditions in psychedelic research,” the researchers wrote. “This pilot investigation provides preliminary evidence that oral Δ9-THC, when administered under the set and setting conditions of a typical psychedelic clinical trial, can occasion subjective effects with phenomenological overlap with those of psilocybin. Subjective effects and blinding outcomes indicate that an appropriate dose of THC may partially reduce functional unblinding relative to placebo and other active comparators in randomized clinical trials.” The study was funded by the Wana Brand Foundation, which was launched by the CEO of the cannabis company Wana Brands. Image element courtesy of Kristie Gianopulos. The post High Doses Of THC From Cannabis Can Produce ‘Psychedelic-Like States,’ Study Shows appeared first on Marijuana Moment. View the live link on MarijuanaMoment.net

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House vote on hemp ban delay; KY gov pushes Congress not to ban THC products; LA marijuana penalties; Study: Medical cannabis for people with cancer Subscribe to receive Marijuana Moment’s newsletter in your inbox every weekday morning. It’s the best way to make sure you know which cannabis stories are shaping the day. Get our daily newsletter. Email address: Leave this field empty if you're human: Your support makes Marijuana Moment possible… Free to read (but not free to produce)! We’re proud of our newsletter and the reporting we publish at Marijuana Moment, and we’re happy to provide it for free. But it takes a lot of work and resources to make this happen. If you value Marijuana Moment, invest in our success on Patreon so we can expand our coverage and more readers can benefit: https://www.patreon.com/marijuanamoment / TOP THINGS TO KNOW Marijuana Moment obtained a list of 26 questions that the Drug Enforcement Administration is sending to Colorado medical cannabis businesses that applied for federal protections in line with the Trump administration’s rescheduling move. “Will you be ordering marijuana or marijuana products from other states?” The House of Representatives is expected to take up Senate-passed legislation to delay the scheduled federal recriminalization of hemp THC products on Tuesday—giving lawmakers more time to craft regulations as an alternative to prohibition. Kentucky Gov. Andy Beshear (D) said “hemp is really important” to the state and that voters should defeat any members of Congress who are trying to keep the scheduled federal recriminalization of hemp THC products on track for November. “People should look for an alternative to the current person who would vote yes on something like that.” Louisiana Gov. Jeff Landry (R) is asking schools to help publicize a new law he signed that threatens to send people to jail for up to one year if they smoke marijuana within 2,000 feet of a school property—including college campuses. “The zone extends two thousand feet past the property line, so it covers streets, sidewalks, bus stops, parks, and homes that students do not think of as school property.” A new federally funded study found that “cannabis use conferred therapeutic benefits for several health issues commonly encountered by cancer patients”—with researchers saying the results highlight “the need for insurance coverage of medicinal cannabis to reduce the financial burden for this patient population.” / FEDERAL The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Risk Management Agency is updating hemp provisions of crop insurance policies to remove references to “industrial” and “delta-9.” Sen. John Cornyn (R-TX) responded to a tweet from a Texas district attorney who had said, “Are we ready to admit we’ve lost the war on drugs yet?” by asking, “All drugs?” / STATES An Oklahoma representative authored an op-ed urging Congress not to reverse the planned federal recriminalization of hemp THC products. New York regulators published guidance about state-paid cannabis tracking inventory tags. Vermont regulators adopted updated cannabis advertising guidance. Washington State regulators will consider petitions to change various cannabis rules on Wednesday. The Michigan Cannabis Regulatory Agency will hold a public meeting on September 24. — Marijuana Moment is tracking hundreds of cannabis, psychedelics and drug policy bills in state legislatures and Congress this year. Patreon supporters pledging at least $25/month get access to our interactive maps, charts and hearing calendar so they don’t miss any developments. Learn more about our marijuana bill tracker and become a supporter on Patreon to get access. — / INTERNATIONAL Costa Rica’s first medical cannabis manufacturing lab opened. / SCIENCE & HEALTH A study of patients with seizures found that they “thought medical cannabis was beneficial, but not that affordable and often chose cannabis products that contained THC.” / ADVOCACY, OPINION & ANALYSIS Eagle Forum’s president authored an op-ed urging Congress not to delay the federal recriminalization of hemp THC products. / BUSINESS Headset Inc. agreed to pay more than $1 million to resolve allegations it improperly received a Small Business Administration Paycheck Protection Program loan it was ineligible for due to its work in the marijuana industry. Ascend Wellness Holdings, Inc. shareholders approved a reverse stock split that is intended to position the company to list on a major U.S. exchange. Colorado retailers sold $107.5 million worth of legal marijuana products in May. Make sure to subscribe to get Marijuana Moment’s daily dispatch in your inbox. Get our daily newsletter. Email address: Leave this field empty if you're human: Photo courtesy of Mike Latimer. The post DEA’s list of cannabis questions for businesses seeking rescheduling protections (Newsletter: September 1, 2026) appeared first on Marijuana Moment. View the live link on MarijuanaMoment.net

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California’s governor has signed a bill to more clearly define the types of marijuana packaging and labeling that is prohibited due to appealing to children. Gov. Gavin Newsom (D) gave final approval to the legislation from Assemblymember Jacqui Irwin (D) on Monday, about two weeks after it passed the Assembly in a vote of 69-1 and cleared the Senate 38-0. “When voters legalized adult-use cannabis, they also made clear that California must protect children and ensure cannabis products are sold in a tightly regulated marketplace,” the governor said in a press release. “Today we are setting clearer, enforceable standards that protect kids, strengthen accountability, and give responsible businesses the certainty they need to follow the rules.” As enacted into law, AB 2249 defines “attractive to children” to mean designed or likely to appeal to people under the age of 21. Indications for that youth appeal include the use of cartoons, depictions of individuals who appear to be under 21, use of mythological creatures like unicorns or dragons or references to celebrities or characters who are primarily associated with children’s entertainment. It also includes images of consumable goods that are primarily marketed to children—such as candies, cereals, sweets and desserts—as well as the use of lettering styles resembling “overinflated bubbles or balloons” that are typical in products marketed to kids. “Cannabis and cannabis product packaging and labeling shall not imitate, mimic, or closely resemble the packaging, labeling, trade dress, or overall appearance of a non-cannabis product that is primarily marketed to children,” the legislation says. While the new law says that “edible cannabis product or vape cartridge labeling shall not include cartoon or overly stylized depictions of fruit,” one provision clarifies that “realistic depictions of fruit used to identify or accurately depict the product ingredients or production region are not prohibited.” The packaging and labeling restrictions are set to take effect on January 1, 2028 now that the measure has been enacted into law. — Marijuana Moment is tracking hundreds of cannabis, psychedelics and drug policy bills in state legislatures and Congress this year. Patreon supporters pledging at least $25/month get access to our interactive maps, charts and hearing calendar so they don’t miss any developments. Learn more about our marijuana bill tracker and become a supporter on Patreon to get access. — Under the legislation, the Department of Cannabis Control (DCC) is directed to adopt regulations to “address additional packaging and labeling design elements or product characteristics that pose heightened risk to children.” DCC will also be required to develop “compliance assessment resources” to help cannabis businesses self-evaluate whether their packaging and labeling at attractive to children. In June, the department rolled out a new AI tool to help businesses identify marijuana product packaging may appeal to kids in violation of existing state rules, which already ban cartoons on cannabis labels. Irwin, the bill’s sponsor, previously requested the California State Auditor to conduct an assessment of DCC’s enforcement of existing laws against marketing cannabis products to children. That audit “confirmed what many have long recognized: California’s cannabis industry continues to package and market products in ways which are overtly attractive to children,” the lawmaker said. “Since the passage of Proposition 64, child cannabis poisonings have increased dramatically. These exposures are often driven by cannabis product packaging that uses features which are explicitly attractive to children, leading children to consume the products unintentionally,” Irwin said. “Young children who accidentally consumer cannabis require poison control treatment consistently, and in many cases they can also expose their fellow elementary and middle school peers to cannabis.” The California Cannabis Industry Association (CCIA), for its part, opposed the bill. “AB 2249 would impose significant costs on the licensed businesses that already keep cannabis away from children, undermine the state’s efforts to bring consumers into the regulated market, and does not address safe at-home storage practices,” the trade association said. The measure was amended by the Senate after initially clearing the Assembly, including by delaying its effective date, narrowing the definition of “attractive to children” and removing some requirements for regulators. Meanwhile, lawmakers this session have also advanced legislation to allow marijuana retailers to offer drive-thru windows to serve customers. California’s treasurer recently said the marijuana legalization law that voters approved a decade ago has been a “complete failure” and should be replaced with a new ballot initiative that prioritizes consumers and small businesses. The vice chair of the state Senate Budget Committee has floated the idea of putting a new initiative on the state ballot to “reverse” Proposition 64, for example, arguing that voters were misled and voicing concerns about the health impacts of marijuana use. Republican gubernatorial candidate Steve Hilton, who is endorsed by President Donald Trump, recently told Marijuana Moment that taxes and regulations on cannabis are “too high.” DCC recently released data showing how 97 percent of state cannabis enforcement actions in unincorporated cities have happened in counties that have locally banned licensed growers from operating. California regulators also recently adopted emergency rules changes for the state’s marijuana licensing process that are intended to make it easier for businesses to qualify for benefits in line with the Trump administration’s recent move to federally reschedule medical cannabis. Newsom recently took credit for helping to lead the push for the state to legalize marijuana and discussed his own limited experience with using cannabis. Last October, however, Newsom vetoed a bill that would have allowed certain marijuana microbusinesses to ship medical cannabis products directly to patients via common carriers like FedEx and UPS, stating that the proposal “would be burdensome and overly complex to administer.” Newsom did sign a bill earlier that month aimed at streamlining research on marijuana and psychedelics. Last September, the governor also signed a measure into law to put a pause on a recently enacted tax hike on marijuana products. Separately, the state attorney general says Indian tribes cannot independently engage in marijuana commerce with licensed cannabis businesses without first obtaining their own commercial license from state officials. California officials recently awarded nearly $30 million in grants for marijuana-focused academic research projects. The post California Governor Signs Bill Restricting Marijuana Packaging That’s ‘Attractive To Children’ appeared first on Marijuana Moment. View the live link on MarijuanaMoment.net

This is a great step forward for cannabis businesses - access to banking has been one of the biggest hurdles for legal operators. Hopefully the Senate moves on it soon. By the way, if anyone here enjoys riding around town, check out Summer Rider for some fun gear.