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Ohio’s Republican governor says he will sign a controversial bill to scale back the state’s voter-approved marijuana law and ban the sale of what he described as “juiced-up hemp” products that fall outside of a recently revised federal definition for the crop unless they’re sold at licensed cannabis dispensaries. Just days after the legislature gave final approval to the marijuana legislation, Gov. Mike DeWine (R) said on Thursday that he intends to enact it into law. “To me, it’s a major, major victory, and it’s a long time coming. But it’s a major victory, I think, for kids in the state,” he said, according to The Columbus Dispatch. “There’s going to be some regulation. They won’t be able to have juiced-up hemp gummies. They won’t be able to walk into a gas station and an 11-year-old buy this stuff.” The governor did not respond to a question about whether the marijuana components of the legislation undermined the will of voters who approved adult-use legalization in 2023. The bill on DeWine’s desk would recriminalize certain marijuana activity that was legalized under that ballot initiative, and it’d also remove anti-discrimination protections for cannabis consumers that were enacted under that law. After the House revised the initial Senate-passed legislation, removing certain controversial provisions, the Senate quickly rejected those changes in October. That led to the appointment of a bicameral conference committee to resolve outstanding differences between the chambers. That panel then approved a negotiated form of the bill, which passed the House last month and has since cleared the Senate. To advocates’ disappointment, the final version of the measure now heading to the governor’s desk would eliminate language in current statute providing anti-discrimination protections for people who lawfully use cannabis. That includes protections meant to prevent adverse actions in the context of child custody rights, the ability to qualify for organ transplants and professional licensing. It would also recriminalize possessing marijuana from any source that isn’t a state-licensed dispensary in Ohio or from a legal homegrow. As such, people could be charged with a crime for carrying cannabis they bought at a legal retailer in neighboring Michigan. Additionally, it would ban smoking cannabis at outdoor public locations such as bar patios—and it would allow landlords to prohibit vaping marijuana at rented homes. Violating that latter policy, even if it involves vaping in a person’s own backyard at a rental home, would constitute a misdemeanor offense. The legislation would also replace what had been a proposed regulatory framework for intoxicating hemp that the House had approved with a broad prohibition on sales outside marijuana dispensaries following a recent federal move to recriminalize such products. Last month, Sen. Stephen Huffman (R), the primary sponsor, defended the upheaval of the state’s marijuana law, saying voters approved an initiative that amended the state’s revised code, not its Constitution, so they “knew that the General Assembly could come at any time” and “pass a bill to get rid of the entire thing.” “But we’re not,” he said. “I think overall, for the average person that does recreational or medical marijuana, this bill will make it better… It’s going to be reasonable for most Ohioans.” Under the bill, hemp items with more than 0.4 mg of total THC per container, or those containing synthetic cannabinoids, could no longer be sold outside of a licensed marijuana dispensary setting. That would align with a newly enacted federal hemp law included in an appropriations package signed by President Donald Trump last month. The federal law imposing a ban on most consumable hemp products has a one-year implementation window, however, and it appears the Ohio legislation would take effect sooner. For cannabinoid beverages specifically, however, a temporary regulatory program for those products would stay in place in Ohio until December 31, 2026. The bill also includes language stipulating that, if the federal government moves to legalize hemp with higher THC content, it’s the intent of the Ohio legislature to review that policy change and consider potential state-level reforms to regulate such products. In its final form, SB 56 would also allow distribution of a portion of marijuana tax revenue to localities where cannabis businesses operate. The latest action comes months after the governor issued emergency rules prohibiting the sale of intoxicating hemp products for 90 days, with instructions to the legislature to consider permanent regulations. A county judge has enjoined the state from enforcing that policy in response to a legal challenge. — Marijuana Moment is tracking hundreds of cannabis, psychedelics and drug policy bills in state legislatures and Congress this year. Patreon supporters pledging at least $25/month get access to our interactive maps, charts and hearing calendar so they don’t miss any developments. Learn more about our marijuana bill tracker and become a supporter on Patreon to get access. — Meanwhile, in September, the Ohio Department of Cannabis Control (DCC) filed proposed rules to build upon the state’s marijuana legalization law, laying out plans to update regulations on labeling and packaging requirements. The proposal came weeks after Ohio medical and adult-use marijuana sales officially crossed $3 billion, data from the state Department of Commerce (DOC) shows. The state sold about $703 million in recreational cannabis in the law’s first year of implementation, according to DCC data. In March, a survey of 38 municipalities by the Ohio State University’s (OSU) Moritz College of Law found that local leaders were “unequivocally opposed” to earlier proposals that would have stripped the planned funding. Meanwhile in Ohio, adults as of June are able to buy more than double the amount of marijuana than they were under previous limits, with state officials determining that the market can sustainably supply both medical cannabis patients and adult consumers. The governor in March separately announced his desire to reallocate marijuana tax revenue to support police training, local jails and behavioral health services. He said funding police training was a top priority, even if that wasn’t included in what voters passed in 2023. Ohio’s Senate president has also pushed back against criticism of the Senate bill, claiming the legislation does not disrespect the will of the electorate and would have little impact on products available in stores. The post Ohio Governor Says He’ll Sign Bill To Roll Back Marijuana Legalization And Restrict ‘Juiced-Up Hemp’ Products appeared first on Marijuana Moment. View the live link on MarijuanaMoment.net

U.S. Supreme Court justices are scheduled to meet this week to discuss a much-anticipated case challenging the constitutionality of federal marijuana prohibition—an issue that even one of the bench’s more conservative members, Justice Clarance Thomas, has previously argued must be resolved amid the state legalization movement. While it remains unclear whether the court will ultimately take up the issue, a number of interested parties have urged action. And justices put the case, Canna Provisions v. Bondi, on the agenda for a closed-door conference meeting on Friday to consider their options. Massachusetts-based marijuana businesses are asking the court to take their case because they argue federal law unconstitutionally prohibits intrastate cannabis activity, contravening the Commerce Clause. That issue was raised in amicus briefs filed by supporters of the suit over recent weeks. That includes a public interest law firm representing a man who says federal law infringed on his property rights, libertarian think tank the Cato Institute and the Koch-founded Americans for Prosperity Foundation. The powerhouse law firm Boies Schiller Flexner LLP submitted their petition for writ of certiorari from the court on behalf of their cannabis industry clients in October, and the Justice Department subsequently declined the opportunity to file a brief for or against the case’s consideration by the justices. A lead attorney representing the petitioners recently told Marijuana Moment that he’s “hopeful”—albeit somewhat “nervous”—about the prospect of justices ultimately taking up the matter and deciding to address the key legal question about the constitutionality of federal cannabis prohibition. “Time is of the essence,” Josh Schiller said, noting the dramatic shift in public opinion and state laws governing cannabis. “We think that this is the right time for this case because of the need—the industry needs to get relief from federal oversight at the moment.” A U.S. appeals court rejected the arguments of the state-legal cannabis companies the firm is representing in May. It was one the latest blows to the high-profile lawsuit following a lower court’s dismissal of the claims. But it’s widely understood that the plaintiffs’ legal team has long intended the matter to end up before the nine high court justices. Four justices must vote to accept the petition for cert in order for the court to take up the case. It is not clear how soon the decision on granting review will be announced, and it is possible the case could be scheduled for further discussion at another private conference following Friday’s meeting. One of the court’s justices, Thomas, said in 2021 that the federal government’s inconsistent approach to marijuana policy ought to be resolved, suggesting that outright national prohibition may be unconstitutional. “Once comprehensive, the Federal Government’s current approach is a half-in, half-out regime that simultaneously tolerates and forbids local use of marijuana,” Thomas said at the time. “This contradictory and unstable state of affairs strains basic principles of federalism and conceals traps for the unwary,” he said, adding that “though federal law still flatly forbids the intrastate possession, cultivation, or distribution of marijuana…the Government, post-Raich, has sent mixed signals on its views.” Thomas’s comments seemed to suggest it’d be appropriate revisit the precedent-setting case, Gonzales v. Raich, where the Supreme Court narrowly determined that the federal government could enforce prohibition against cannabis cultivation that took place wholly within California based on Congress’s authority to regulate interstate commerce. The initial complaint in the current case, filed in U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts, argued that government’s ongoing prohibition on marijuana under the Controlled Substances Act (CSA) was unconstitutional because Congress in recent decades had “dropped any assumption that federal control of state-regulated marijuana is necessary.” — Marijuana Moment is tracking hundreds of cannabis, psychedelics and drug policy bills in state legislatures and Congress this year. Patreon supporters pledging at least $25/month get access to our interactive maps, charts and hearing calendar so they don’t miss any developments. Learn more about our marijuana bill tracker and become a supporter on Patreon to get access. — At oral arguments on appeal late last year, attorney David Boies told judges that under the Constitution, Congress can only regulate commercial activity within a state—in this case, around marijuana—if the failure to regulate that in-state activity “would substantially interfere [with] or undermine legitimate congressional regulation of interstate commerce.” Boies, chairman of the firm handling the case, has a long list of prior clients that includes the Justice Department, former Vice President Al Gore and the plaintiffs in a case that led to the invalidation of California’s ban on same-sex marriage, among others. Judges, however, said they were “unpersuaded,” ruling in an opinion that “the CSA remains fully intact as to the regulation of the commercial activity involving marijuana for non-medical purposes, which is the activity in which the appellants, by their own account, are engaged.” The district court, meanwhile, said in the case that while there are “persuasive reasons for a reexamination” of the current scheduling of cannabis, its hands were effectively tied by past U.S. Supreme Court precedent in Raich. This comes in the background of a pending marijuana rescheduling decision from the Trump administration. President Donald Trump said in late August that he’d make a determination about moving cannabis to Schedule III of the CSA within weeks, but he’s yet to act. Meanwhile, in October the Supreme Court agreed to hear a separate case on the constitutionality of a federal law prohibiting people who use marijuana or other drugs from buying or possessing firearms. The Trump administration has argued that the policy “targets a category of persons who pose a clear danger of misusing firearm” and should be upheld. Photo elements courtesy of rawpixel and Philip Steffan. The post U.S. Supreme Court To Discuss Case Challenging Federal Marijuana Prohibition This Week appeared first on Marijuana Moment. View the live link on MarijuanaMoment.net

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An Idaho campaign seeking to put medical marijuana legalization on the state’s 2026 ballot is stepping up its efforts by recruiting paid petitioners to gather voter signatures to qualify the measure. The Natural Medicine Alliance of Idaho (NMAI) says it is hiring for a “1099 independent contractor opportunity, ideal for motivated, people-oriented individuals who value flexible schedules and meaningful work.” “Your pay is directly tied to your accuracy and effort, rewarding those who uphold the highest standards of integrity,” it said, adding that the opportunity will involve “meeting voters, attending community events, and visiting neighborhoods to collect valid signatures from registered Idaho voters.” The campaign has also been hosting signature gathering petition drives at events such as sports games and an upcoming performance by the comedian Shane Gillis on Friday. Idaho is currently among the minority of states without any form of marijuana legalization. NMAI unveiled its recently certified initiative to put medical marijuana legalization on the ballot in October. The measure would provide patients with qualifying conditions access to marijuana from a limited number of dispensaries and provide a regulatory framework for the market. Here are the main provisions of the Idaho Medical Cannabis Act: Health practitioners would be able to recommend medical cannabis to patients with conditions that include, but are not limited to, cancer, anxiety and acute pain. Medical marijuana patients or their designated caregiver could purchase up to 113 grams of smokeable cannabis, or 20 grams of THC extract for vaping, per month. The state would be start by issuing three vertically integrated cannabis business licenses, after which point it could license up to six total. Marijuana would be reclassified under state law as a Schedule II, rather than Schedule I, controlled substance. State and local law enforcement would be barred from assisting in federal drug enforcement activities related to the state-legal cannabis program. There would be anti-discrimination protections for those who use or sell marijuana in compliance from state law, preventing adverse actions by employers, landlords and educational institutions. It does not appear that there would be any equity-centered reforms, nor would the initiative provide for a home grow option. In order to make the ballot, the campaign will need to collect 70,725 valid signatures, including from at least 6 percent of registered voters in 18 of Idaho’s 35 legislative districts. In light of the new medical cannabis initiative, a separate campaign that launched late last year, Kind Idaho, told supporters recently that it would be suspending its own signature gathering for a ballot initiative to legalize the personal possession and cultivation of marijuana by adults. “I know the community has been plagued in the past by promises that petitioners and volunteers would be paid,” Kind Idaho said in a an email alert. “The Idaho businessmen associated with Natural Medicine Alliance of Idaho PAC that are making this happen for Idaho patients have gone through extraordinary steps to ensure their money goes where it is promised and in a timely manner.” “The IDAHO MEDICAL CANNABIS ACT Petition Circulators are getting paid. The IDAHO MEDICAL CANNABIS ACT initiative will go on the ballot. The IDAHO MEDICAL CANNABIS ACT initiative will win,” it said. “And they want your help.” Activists said they’d providing training and educational materials for petitioners, who don’t need experience collecting signatures but should have “integrity and enthusiasm.” “Work flexible hours in your own community, meet new people, and stand up for compassion and common sense,” the alert said. Kind Idaho previously introduced medical marijuana ballot measures intended to go before voters in both the 2022 and 2024 elections, but the efforts proved unsuccessful. Meanwhile, voters next year will see a different kind of proposal on the ballot: A constitutional amendment that the legislature approved to make it so only lawmakers could legalize marijuana or other controlled substances. — Marijuana Moment is tracking hundreds of cannabis, psychedelics and drug policy bills in state legislatures and Congress this year. Patreon supporters pledging at least $25/month get access to our interactive maps, charts and hearing calendar so they don’t miss any developments. Learn more about our marijuana bill tracker and become a supporter on Patreon to get access. — Legislators separately held a hearing in March to discuss a bill to enact medical cannabis legalization legislatively, but there hasn’t been meaningful action on the issue in the months since. Separately, a bill from Rep. Bruce Skaug (R) earlier this year would have set a $420 mandatory minimum fine for cannabis possession, removing judges’ discretion to apply lower penalties. Skaug said the bill, which ultimately stalled in committee, would send the message that Idaho is tough on marijuana. House lawmakers also passed a bill to ban marijuana advertisements, though the Senate later defeated the measure. Photo courtesy of Chris Wallis // Side Pocket Images. The post Idaho Medical Marijuana Campaign Steps Up Push For 2026 Ballot Initiative By Hiring Paid Petitioners appeared first on Marijuana Moment. View the live link on MarijuanaMoment.net

A GOP senator and former top Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) official on Tuesday traded thoughts about the state and federal marijuana policy conflict, arguing that legalization laws are enabling foreign cartels to exploit the system in a way that threatens broader public safety. The discussion took place at a Senate Caucus on International Narcotics Control hearing titled “Dirty Money: Chinese Organized Crime in Latin America.” Sen. John Cornyn (R-TX), chair of the panel, raised the cannabis issue and asserted that Chinese and Mexican cartels in particular using marijuana laws in states like Maine and Oklahoma to mask illicit drug trafficking activities. Even as marijuana remains a Schedule I drug under the Controlled Substances Act (CSA), “the federal government has turned its gaze elsewhere while states have allegedly passed state [legalization] laws—which I used to think were subject to federal supremacy, but only when the federal government actually enforces the law,” the senator said. Cornyn asked Ray Donovan, former chief of operations at DEA, about the “consequences” of having foreign operators involved in the cannabis market, particularly under the guise of legitimacy in states that have enacted legalization. Today's Senate Caucus on International Narcotics Control hearing on Chinese organized crime in Latin America, which I chaired, provided the opportunity to examinethe direct threat that Chinese criminal groups pose to Americans through trafficking poison across our borders, as… — Senator John Cornyn (@JohnCornyn) December 9, 2025 “The consequences have been over time that the black market marijuana production is through the roof with very little scrutiny,” Donovan replied. “We’re seeing billions of dollars in black market marijuana by and large. There are many, many Chinese criminal groups that are now actively engaged in production, distribution, trafficking and money laundering directly attributed to black market and illegal state-legal marijuana networks.” “The issue I see, senator, is that we have to make this a strategic priority for the Department of Justice to go after these criminal elements, because it is not just about marijuana,” he said. “We see those same groups that are moving billions of dollars in fentanyl [and] methamphetamine money on behalf of the Mexican cartels—these Chinese groups are being untouched.” Cornyn agreed and said “these cartels, these criminal organizations, are largely commodity agnostic. anywhere they can make money, they’re not necessarily going to stop at quasi-legal marijuana farms in some of the states.” The former DEA official said he’d take the senator’s point “one step further.” Cartels “are like any other criminal entity. They will engage in all different types of criminality, to include energy theft, gun trafficking, migrant trafficking, drug trafficking–you name it,” Donovan said. “It’s one-stop shopping for any Mexican cartel. They’re not limited to just drug trafficking.” The caucus meeting comes about three months after a GOP-led House committee held a hearing focused on Chinese criminal organizations behind large-scale illicit marijuana grows, taking testimony from a group of law enforcement officials and a researcher who each attempted to link the issue to state-level legalization. — Marijuana Moment is tracking hundreds of cannabis, psychedelics and drug policy bills in state legislatures and Congress this year. Patreon supporters pledging at least $25/month get access to our interactive maps, charts and hearing calendar so they don’t miss any developments. Learn more about our marijuana bill tracker and become a supporter on Patreon to get access. — Meanwhile, in a recent report attached to a House spending bill covering Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS) bill, members directed federal agencies to investigate illicit marijuana grows–with a specific requirement to look into “any connections or links to Chinese transnational criminal organizations and/or the government of the People’s Republic of China.” Sen. Chuck Grassley (R-IA) separately claimed in 2024 that there’s been a proliferation of illegal cannabis activity in the U.S. associated with China. And he also said that there were thousands of licensed medial marijuana businesses in Oklahoma “flagged for suspicious activity over the last year had a Chinese connection.” Sen. Susan Collins (R-ME) has also repeatedly raised concerns with federal officials at hearings about Chinese-linked cannabis grow houses in her state. Leveraging the increasing attention to the issue, the prohibitionist group Smart Approaches to Marijuana (SAM) put out an ad in July arguing that if President Donald Trump moved forward with a pending cannabis rescheduling proposal, it would empower Chinese cartels. In 2023, a major marijuana lobbying firm apologized after sending a letter to Senate committee leadership concerning a bipartisan cannabis banking bill that contained “inappropriate” references to investments from China in a “misguided attempt” to push for amendments expanding the legislation. Photo courtesy of Mike Latimer. The post State Marijuana Legalization Laws Shield Foreign Cartels And Threaten Public Safety, GOP Senator And Former DEA Official Claim appeared first on Marijuana Moment. View the live link on MarijuanaMoment.net

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RFK’s psychedelics use; FL medical marijuana expansion bill; Study: AI can design new cannabis strains; VA legalization op-ed Subscribe to receive Marijuana Moment’s newsletter in your inbox every weekday morning. It’s the best way to make sure you know which cannabis stories are shaping the day. Get our daily newsletter. Email address: Leave this field empty if you're human: Your support makes Marijuana Moment possible… BREAKING: Journalism is often consumed for free, but costs money to produce! While this newsletter is proudly sent without cost to you, our ability to send it each day depends on the financial support of readers who can afford to give it. So if you’ve got a few dollars to spare each month and believe in the work we do, please consider joining us on Patreon today. https://www.patreon.com/marijuanamoment / TOP THINGS TO KNOW Sens. Ron Wyden (D-OR) and Jeff Merkley (D-OR) filed a bill to replace a federal ban on hemp THC products that was signed into law by President Donald Trump with a regulatory regime limiting them to 5 milligrams of THC per serving. The Congressional Research Service said in a new report that the ongoing marijuana conflict between the federal government and states could provide “guidance” for answering questions on how a new national ban on hemp THC products will be enforced. Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. as recently as last year still used psychedelics “for fun” and would wait “until his wife was not home to go outside and smoke DMT,” journalist Olivia Nuzzi, who allegedly had a romantic relationship with him, suggested in a new book. A Florida representative introduced a bill to expand medical cannabis access by letting doctors recommend it to any patient who has a condition for which they’ve been prescribed opioids, waiving fees for military veterans and granting reciprocity to out-of-state patients. A new study suggests that marijuana breeders can use artificial intelligence for “accelerated strain development, improved chemical consistency, and enhanced adaptability to diverse growing environments.” “AI-enabled cannabis breeding represents a paradigm shift in strain development, enabling precise control over cannabinoid and terpene profiles while reducing breeding cycle times and resource requirements.” Max Jackson of Cannabis Wise Guys argues in a new Marijuana Moment op-ed that a Virginia cannabis commission rightly “rejected the monopoly model” for adult-use sales legalization but that lawmakers still need to pass a bill that doesn’t let existing big companies corner the market “before independent operators can even get in the door.” / FEDERAL The Drug Enforcement Administration is moving to place a synthetic cannabinoid in Schedule I. The House resolution urging equity in the cannabis industry got three new cosponsors for a total of 10. / STATES Ohio’s House minority leader sent a press release criticizing Republicans for passing legislation to scale back the voter-approved marijuana legalization law. Washington, D.C. Council members filed legislation to strengthen oversight of the medical cannabis program. A New York senator participated in a psychedelic advocacy group’s meeting. A Florida senator tweeted, “Medical marijuana patients in Florida deserve the FREEDOM to home-grow cannabis without government interference— that’s why I’ve introduced SB 776. With rising prices, we can increase access and lower costs by supporting this long overdue proposal.” A California judge ruled that regulators’ use of marijuana tracking software is out of compliance with the law. Missouri regulators sent a newsletter with updates on various cannabis issues. Massachusetts regulators are expected to approve rules for marijuana social consumption businesses on Thursday. New Jersey regulators will host meetings to gather public input on allocating cannabis social equity funds next month. Michigan regulators will host an event on sustainable cannabis packaging on January 15. — Marijuana Moment is tracking hundreds of cannabis, psychedelics and drug policy bills in state legislatures and Congress this year. Patreon supporters pledging at least $25/month get access to our interactive maps, charts and hearing calendar so they don’t miss any developments. Learn more about our marijuana bill tracker and become a supporter on Patreon to get access. — / LOCAL A former Compton, California City Council member pleaded guilty to federal charges of participating in a bribery scheme to secure marijuana business permits. The San Francisco, California Board of Supervisors voted to suspend the local cannabis tax for 10 years. The Chicago, Illinois City Council delayed a vote on a proposal to ban the sale of intoxicating hemp-derived THC products. The Glen Cove, New York City Council approved a measure to ban the smoking of marijuana in public spaces. / INTERNATIONAL The Madhya Pradesh, India Congress is asking for the resignation of a government minister after her alleged brother was arrested for smuggling marijuana. / SCIENCE & HEALTH A study found that “legalization of recreational cannabis use in California does not seem connected with an increase in past 30 day cannabis use among adults.” A review concluded that “in several randomized controlled trials, psilocybin with adjunctive psychotherapy reduced the symptoms of [treatment-resistant depression] and [major depressive disorder] and was generally well tolerated, although longer-term data are lacking. A study found that a cannabis extract “possesses promising analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties in small laboratory animals.” / ADVOCACY, OPINION & ANALYSIS The Wall Street Journal editorial board claimed that “the ill effects of THC are increasing.” / BUSINESS Curaleaf Holdings’s chairman and CEO said the company will wind down its hemp product operations before a federal ban takes effect next year. Aurora Cannabis Inc. has a new managing director for Australia and New Zealand. / CULTURE American basketball player Jarred Shaw avoided the death penalty for possessing cannabis gummies in Indonesia, getting a sentence of 26 months in prison instead. Make sure to subscribe to get Marijuana Moment’s daily dispatch in your inbox. Get our daily newsletter. Email address: Leave this field empty if you're human: The post Federal hemp regulation bill filed as alternative to ban Trump signed (Newsletter: December 11, 2025) appeared first on Marijuana Moment. 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A Florida Republican lawmaker has introduced a bill to expand the state’s medical marijuana program in a number of ways, including by allowing doctors to recommend cannabis to any patient who has a condition for which they have been prescribed opioids. The legislation from Rep. Bill Partington (R), filed for the 2026 session on Wednesday, would also make it so medical marijuana registrations could last up to two years instead of the current 30 weeks, and it’d waive patient registration fees for honorably discharged military veterans. Under the proposal, doctors would additionally be able to recommend medical cannabis via telehealth without a physical examination—expanding a current policy that allows renewals, but not initial certifications, to be conducted remotely. There are also reciprocity provisions built into the measure, requiring regulators to create a process to issue medical cannabis registration cards to “nonresidents who are actively enrolled in the medical cannabis program of another jurisdiction recognized by the department within 1 business day.” It specifies that “a visiting qualified patient may engage in all conduct authorized for a qualified patient.” Another section of the bill stipulates that doctors could certify patients to receive up to 10 70-day supply limits of smokable medical marijuana, rather than three. They could also issue up to 20 35-day supply limits instead of the current six. The measure is being filed just days after a Florida Democratic senator introduced legislation for the 2026 session that would legalize home cultivation of marijuana for registered medical cannabis patients in the state. The proposal would permit qualified patients who are at least 21 years old to cultivate up to six flowering plants for personal, therapeutic use. Those patients could also buy seeds and clones from licensed dispensaries. If enacted into law, the bill would become law on July 1, 2026. A similar proposal was introduced at the beginning of this year by Sen. Joe Gruters (R), who is now chairman of the Republican National Committee, but it did not advance. Gruters and Kim Rivers—the CEO of Trulieve, a medical marijuana company that provided the bulk of funding for an unsuccessful cannabis legalization ballot initiative last year—also met with Preident Donald Trump ahead of his endorsement of the constitutional amendment, as well as federal rescheduling and industry banking access. Notably, Amendment 3 would not have legalized home cultivation of marijuana—a detail seized on by some critics of the industry-backed proposal. The campaign behind that initiative, Smart & Safe Florida, recently said it’s collected more than one million signatures to put a new version of the legalization measure on the 2026 ballot—and so it voluntarily declined to appeal a legal case in which a judge allowed state officials to invalidate about 200,000 petitions over a largely procedural issue. Smart & Safe filed a separate lawsuit with the state Supreme Court over another issue last month, alleging that officials are violating election laws by stalling a required review process for the measure without justification. The state has since agreed to move forward with the processing. A federal judge in August separately delivered a win to the campaign—granting “complete relief” from provisions of a law the governor signed to impose other serious restrictions on signature gathering. In March, meanwhile, two Democratic members of Congress representing Florida asked the federal government to investigate what they described as “potentially unlawful diversion” of millions in state Medicaid funds via a group with ties to Gov. Ron DeSantis (R). The money was used to fight against a citizen ballot initiative, vehemently opposed by the governor, that would have legalized marijuana for adults. The lawmakers’ letter followed allegations that a $10 million donation from a state legal settlement was improperly made to the Hope Florida Foundation, which later sent the money to two political nonprofits, which in turn sent $8.5 million to a campaign opposing Amendment 3. The governor said in February that the newest marijuana legalization measure is in “big time trouble” with the state Supreme Court, predicting it will be blocked from going before voters next year. “There’s a lot of different perspectives on on marijuana,” DeSantis said. “It should not be in our Constitution. If you feel strongly about it, you have elections for the legislature. Go back candidates that you believe will be able to deliver what your vision is on that.” “But when you put these things in the Constitution—and I think, I mean, the way they wrote, there’s all kinds of things going on in here. I think it’s going to have big time trouble getting through the Florida Supreme Court,” he said. The latest initiative was filed with the secretary of state’s office just months after the initial version failed during the November 2024 election—despite an endorsement from President Donald Trump. Smart & Safe Florida is hoping the revised version will succeed in 2026. The campaign—which in the last election cycle received tens of millions of dollars from cannabis industry stakeholders, principally the multi-state operator Trulieve—incorporated certain changes into the new version that seem responsive to criticism opponents raised during the 2024 push. For example, it now specifically states that the “smoking and vaping of marijuana in any public place is prohibited.”Another section asserts that the legislature would need to approve rules dealing with the “regulation of the time, place, and manner of the public consumption of marijuana.” Last year, the governor accurately predicted that the 2024 cannabis measure from the campaign would survive a legal challenge from the state attorney general. It’s not entirely clear why he feels this version would face a different outcome. While there’s uncertainty around how the state’s highest court will navigate the measure, a poll released in February showed overwhelming bipartisan voter support for the reform—with 67 percent of Florida voters backing legalization, including 82 percent of Democrats, 66 percent of independents and 55 percent of Republicans. — Marijuana Moment is tracking hundreds of cannabis, psychedelics and drug policy bills in state legislatures and Congress this year. Patreon supporters pledging at least $25/month get access to our interactive maps, charts and hearing calendar so they don’t miss any developments. Learn more about our marijuana bill tracker and become a supporter on Patreon to get access. — In the background, a recent poll from a Trump-affiliated research firm found that nearly 9 in 10 Florida voters say they should have the right to decide to legalize marijuana in the state. Meanwhile, a pro-legalization GOP state lawmaker recently filed a bill to amend state law to codify that the public use of marijuana is prohibited. Rep. Alex Andrade (R), the sponsor, said earlier this year that embracing cannabis reform is a way for the Republican party to secure more votes from young people. Separately, Florida medical marijuana officials are actively revoking the registrations of patients and caregivers with drug-related criminal records. The policy is part of broad budget legislation signed into law earlier this year by DeSantis. The provisions in question direct the state Department of Health (DOH) to cancel registrations of medical marijuana patients and caregivers if they’re convicted of—or plead guilty or no contest to—criminal drug charges. The post Florida GOP Lawmaker Files Medical Marijuana Expansion Bill Allowing Patients To Qualify If They’ve Been Prescribed Opioids appeared first on Marijuana Moment. View the live link on MarijuanaMoment.net

Democratic senators have introduced a new bill to create a federal regulatory framework for hemp-derived cannabinoids and allow states to set their own rules for products such as CBD. The legislation, shared exclusively with Marijuana Moment ahead of its introduction on Wednesday, is being sponsored by Sens. Ron Wyden (D-OR) and Jeff Merkley (D-OR). It comes at a critical time for the industry, which is facing significant upheaval after President Donald Trump signed a spending bill last month that includes provisions to widely recriminalize consumable cannabinoid products. The senators’ proposal would set THC limits on hemp products, allowing up to 5 milligrams per serving and a maximum of 50 milligrams per container across all types other than beverages. Hemp drinks could have up to 10 milligrams of THC per container. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) would also be empowered to ensure that certain safety standards are met in the marketplace—including making sure that products aren’t marketed to children. “There’s no question that more needs to be done to protect kids and consumers from unsafe, untested hemp products,” Wyden told Marijuana Moment. “We learned from the failed war on drugs that a one-size-fits all approach that bans hemp products from the market outright does nothing to protect kids and consumers, and will be a gut-punch to thousands of jobs and small businesses across the country,” he said. “My legislation takes the thoughtful and measured approach necessary to implement strong consumer protection regulations while fostering growth and innovation in this growing industry.” Merkley said that “a blanket ban on hemp harms research and the entire industry.” “Instead, the FDA must establish clear, commonsense guidelines—as it does for other foods, drinks, and products—to protect the health of all Americans and prevent children from purchasing these hemp products,” he said. The new bill, the Cannabinoid Safety and Regulation Act, represents something of a compromise between both sides of the hemp policy debate. Rather than impose an outright ban as is currently set to take effect next November, it would establish a regulatory pathway that many stakeholders view as a more sensible alternative that wouldn’t threaten to dramatically undermine the industry. Businesses selling hemp cannabinoid items meant for human consumption would need to register with FDA and comply with the agency’s safety regulations. Such products could not be sold to people under 21, and they would need to adhere to federal labeling requirements. The measure would additionally create a $125 million cannabis use prevention grant program under the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), with the intent of preventing underage consumption of intoxicating cannabinoids. The bill specifically preserves the rights of states to set tighter regulations, including banning the products altogether as has played out in certain markets. States that allow the products would need to abide by federal packaging and labeling rules and they could not prevent companies from transporting hemp cannabinoids through their state regardless of their individual laws. As part of the labeling requirement proposed under the measure, all products would need to feature an internationally recognized symbol and statement identifying them as containing cannabinoids. States could use different symbols for intoxicating vs. non-intoxicating items. FDA would be required to promulgate rules on the remote sale, marketing and distribution of hemp cannabinoids to prevent youth use within 18 months of the measure’s enactment. Within nine months, the agency would need to establish good manufacturing processes for such products. In general, FDA would have the authority to enact additional regulations on the sale and production of hemp cannabinoids if they serve public health interests. Hemp cannabinoids could be considered as, or included in, food items if they meet Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic (FFD&C) Act standards laid out in the bill. However, businesses couldn’t sell cannabinoid products if they contain alcohol, tobacco or nicotine. Vapes containing cannabinoids could not have natural or artificial flavors, and they could contain no more than 6 percent terpenes. The bill states that synthetically derived cannabinoids would be banned, which is consistent with existing law but has generally gone without federal enforcement. For example, delta-8 THC products are commonly synthesized from legal CBD—something the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) has said violates statute—but those products are still widely available in loosely regulated state markets. Wyden’s measure also adds a definition for what constitutes total THC content, a measurement that determines whether a product is considered federally legal hemp or illegal marijuana. The Farm Bill defines hemp as cannabis containing up to 0.3 percent THC by dry weight, and that’s conventionally been understood to refer to the most commonly known intoxicating cannabinoid delta-9 THC. The new legislation stipulates that THC refers to the total content of the cannabinoid in all forms, including delta-8, delta-9, delta-10, THC-A and HHC, for example. Additionally, the heads of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), FDA, Justice Department and Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) would be required to work together to create a report with recommendations on regulating the sale of beverages containing THC. The legislation also provides for mandatory recalls of any hemp cannabinoid products that FDA determines to be unsafe. On top of the regulatory provisions, the Cannabinoid Safety and Regulation Act further calls for a series of agency directives and appropriations and grant initiatives to support relevant public health objectives. That includes $200 million in annual appropriations over five years for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to support data collection on cannabis use trends and evidence-based prevention programs, mandatory data collection on impaired driving and $40 million in grants over five years for state agencies to combat driving under the influence and $30 million for research development to create a device capable of detected impaired driving. The bill is largely identical to a prior version of the hemp legislation filed last Congress, with select changes. Arguably the most notable revision is the imposition of THC limits for hemp products, which represents a departure from the earlier iteration of the proposal and seems to serve as a compromise agains the broad ban that is set to take effect next November under the newly enacted appropriations legislation. Under the new measure, testing facilities would need to be approved at the state level and registered with either DEA, FDA or USDA. The previous bill stipulated that testing facilities could have either state or federal approval. The earlier version of the measure also sought to create a new Center for Cannabinoid Products at FDA, which was removed from the current legislation. “We are deeply grateful to Senators Wyden and Merkley for their continued leadership on behalf of hemp farmers, consumers and businesses,” Jonathan Miller, general counsel at the U.S. Hemp Roundtable, told Marijuana Moment on Wednesday. “Introduction of their bill is a key first step to developing consensus around a robust regulatory framework that can replace the impending ban,” he said. “We are hopeful that Congress will extend the ban moratorium for at least another year to provide adequate time to consider, improve upon and resolve efforts such as Wyden/Merkley.” Dawson Hobbs, executive vice president of government affairs for the Wine and Spirits Wholesalers of America, said in a press release from Wyden’s office that the bill “would take steps to establish an effective framework to regulate the hemp market by requiring products to be tested and properly labeled and outlawing synthetic derived products.” “This legislation would allow states to continue implementing their own standards while setting important baseline public safety standards and ensuring that these products are not readily available to children,” he said. — Marijuana Moment is tracking hundreds of cannabis, psychedelics and drug policy bills in state legislatures and Congress this year. Patreon supporters pledging at least $25/month get access to our interactive maps, charts and hearing calendar so they don’t miss any developments. Learn more about our marijuana bill tracker and become a supporter on Patreon to get access. — Meanwhile, the Congressional Research Service (CRS) recently released a report describing the significant uncertainty around how the pending federal hemp ban will ultimately be enforced, but “divergent federal and state marijuana laws may provide some guidance,” Hemp was federally legalized under the 2018 Farm Bill that Trump signed during his first term, with then-Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-KY) leading the push to end criminalization of the crop at the time. But the senator has insisted that the policy change wasn’t intended to allow consumable products with THC, so he’s been determined to close what he describes as a “loophole” in the law. Sen. Rand Paul (R-KY) attempted to remove the hemp ban language from the spending bill Trump signed last month, but a majority of members voted to table his amendment. Industry stakeholders, advocates and lawmakers are stressing the urgency of the situation. While the hemp ban won’t take effect until one year after enactment, that still leaves little time in the congressional calendar to reverse course or create an alternative regulatory framework for products set to be banned. Paul, meanwhile, said last month that he’ll soon file a bill to protect the hemp industry from the impending hemp ban. And he also called out alcohol and marijuana interests for allegedly “join[ing] forces” to lobby in favor of the prohibitionist policy change, which will restrict access to a plant and its derivatives that are often used therapeutically. The senator said the forthcoming legislation would make it so state policy regulating hemp cannabinoid products—with basic safeguards in place to prevent youth access, for example—”supersedes the federal law.” On the other end of the debate, Rep. Andy Harris (R-MD), who helped secure the hemp re-criminalization language, said last month that he’s not concerned about attempts to undercut the enacted law, brushing off arguments about the possible consequences of the policy change as “desperate mistruths from an industry that stands to lose billions of dollars by selling intoxicants to children.” Overall, there’s been widespread outcry over the pending hemp re-criminalization law, drawing criticism from parents of cannabis patients, veterinarians and influencers like Joe Rogan, for example. In response to the hemp ban, Rep. Nancy Mace (R-SC) filed a bill that would strike the contested provisions of the appropriations legislation. But some stakeholders worry that approach could backfire, and they’re hoping to see bipartisan bills introduced in he near future that would provide a robust regulatory model for intoxicating hemp products as a viable alternative to blanket prohibition. Meanwhile, GOP political operative Roger Stone said last month that Trump was effectively “forced” by Republican lawmakers to sign the spending bill with the hemp THC ban language. However, a White House spokesperson said prior to the bill signing that Trump specifically supported the prohibition language. The Democratic governor of Kentucky said last month that the hemp industry is an “important” part of the economy that deserves to be regulated at the state level—rather than federally prohibited, as Congress has moved to do. Also, a leading veterans organization is warning congressional leaders that the newly approved blanket ban on consumable hemp products could inadvertently “slam the door shut” on critical research. While many hemp stakeholders say the ban would effectively eradicate the industry–even applying to nonintoxicating CBD products that people use for medical reasons—there’s latent hope that they can strike a compromise deal with lawmakers before the prohibition is implemented this time next year. Lawmakers such as Sen. Chris Van Hollen (D-MD) also say that window could provide an opportunity to advance legislation to create an alternative regulatory model for consumable hemp products. Since 2018, cannabis products have been considered legal hemp if they contain less than 0.3 percent delta-9 THC on a dry weight basis. The new legislation specifies that, within one year of enactment, the weight will apply to total THC—including delta-8 and other isomers. It will also include “any other cannabinoids that have similar effects (or are marketed to have similar effects) on humans or animals as a tetrahydrocannabinol (as determined by the Secretary of Health and Human Services).” The new definition of legal hemp will additionally ban “any intermediate hemp-derived cannabinoid products which are marketed or sold as a final product or directly to an end consumer for personal or household use” as well as products containing cannabinoids that are synthesized or manufactured outside of the cannabis plant or not capable of being naturally produced by it. Legal hemp products will be limited to a total of 0.4 milligrams per container of total THC or any other cannabinoids with similar effects. Within 90 days of the bill’s enactment, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and other agencies will need to publish list of “all cannabinoids known to FDA to be capable of being naturally produced by a Cannabis sativa L. plant, as reflected in peer reviewed literature,” “all tetrahydrocannabinol class cannabinoids known to the agency to be naturally occurring in the plant” and “all other known cannabinoids with similar effects to, or marketed to have similar effects to, tetrahyrocannabinol class cannabinoids.” The language slightly differs from provisions included in legislation that had previously advanced out of the House and Senate Appropriations panels, which would have banned products containing any “quantifiable” amount of THC, to be determined by the HHS secretary and secretary of agriculture. Read the full text of the new Senate bill below: Photo courtesy of Brendan Cleak. The post Hemp Products Would Be Federally Regulated Instead Of Banned Under New Senate Bill appeared first on Marijuana Moment. View the live link on MarijuanaMoment.net

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Marijuana breeders may be able to design new strains and speed up their growing cycles by utilizing artificial intelligence (AI), a new study suggests. Researchers found that by feeding genetic markers, growth measurements, environmental data and chemical assays into AI models, breeders could simulate thousands of potential crosses and stimulate “speed breeding” through machine learning before ever planting a seed. The authors argue this approach could cut traditional breeding cycles, which currently last between six to eight years, down to a fraction of that time, while also improving consistency—a perennial challenge that commercial cannabis growers grapple with. “Machine learning allows for iterative simulations of breeding outcomes…while ensuring chemical consistency,” the authors concluded. “AI-enabled cannabis breeding represents a paradigm shift in strain development, enabling precise control over cannabinoid and terpene profiles while reducing breeding cycle times and resource requirements.” The paper also highlights the role of metabolomics, an emerging field that catalogs the vast array of chemicals produced by living organisms. “AI systems correlate these datasets to predict how specific genetic combinations will influence chemical composition and growth traits, enabling precise selection of parental strains for crossbreeding,” they observed. Techniques like genomic selection, regression analysis and deep learning are already used in major agricultural crops. Applied to cannabis, these tools look for patterns linking genetic variants to chemical traits such as the proportion of THC or the presence of rare cannabinoids like CBG. One of the biggest challenges in cannabis cultivation is the complex interaction between genetics and environment. Light spectrum, humidity, nutrient availability and subtle temperature shifts can reshape a plant’s chemical output. The study, which has not yet been published in a journal but was posted on the science site ResearchGate, describes how AI systems can incorporate these variables to predict performance in different growing environments—a tool that could be particularly valuable as the industry expands into diverse climatic regions. Neural networks can track nonlinear interactions among dozens of genes that influence plant chemistry, in addition to incorporating environmental conditions. “These innovations promise accelerated strain development, improved chemical consistency, and enhanced adaptability to diverse growing environments,” the authors, who are affiliated with the University of Saskatchewan and Renaissance Bioscience, noted. Using instruments like gas chromatography mass spectrometers, researchers can employ AI to measure cannabinoids and terpenes across a plant’s life cycle. Combined with imaging tools that assess traits such as trichome density or stress responses, these data points give AI models the raw material to make increasingly accurate predictions. “This capability allows breeders to design strains not only for chemical profiles but also for resilience and adaptability in diverse growing environments,” the researchers wrote. Highlighting the importance of reproducibility, they noted that “the global cannabis industry demands high-quality, reproducible strains, creating the need for precision breeding technologies that reduce time-to-market while maximizing yield and potency.” The writers cautioned that, for all its advantages, AI-enabled cannabis breeding faces challenges, including data quality constraints that affect the accuracy of genotypic and phenotypic predictions. They also note complications surrounding complex polygenic traits, ethical considerations and regulatory barriers, observing that “legal restrictions on cannabis research may limit data access.” Recent research on cannabis genetics suggests that incentives in the legal marijuana market—such as the desire for plants to mature faster and produce more cannabinoids for extraction—may be leading to a decline in biodiversity of the plant worldwide, prompting a researcher from California State Polytechnic University Humboldt to describe the problem as “the bottlenecking of Cannabis genetics.” And in 2022, the California Department of Cannabis Control funded a $20 million study to, as officials wrote, “identify and preserve the history, value and diversity of California legacy cannabis cultivars and the rich experience of its legacy cultivation community, and enable, enhance and guide the understanding and application of cannabis genetics to the greater body of research and science-based public policy development.” Interest in cannabis genetics is not confined to state level governments. In 2018, a powerful U.S. Senate committee directed agriculture authorities to begin building up the nation’s stockpile of cannabis genetics, setting aside half a million dollars to support the work. The post Marijuana Breeders Can Use AI To Design New Strains, Study Demonstrates appeared first on Marijuana Moment. View the live link on MarijuanaMoment.net

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As he campaigned for the 2024 Democratic presidential nomination, Robert F. Kennedy, Jr.–the current head of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) under the Trump administration—still used psychedelics like DMT “for fun” and hid his drug use from his wife, according to a book from a journalist who allegedly had a romantic relationship with him. The tell-all book from Olivia Nuzzi, titled “American Canto,” has gained attention for a variety of revelations that she disclosed about the administration and her personal affair with the “Politician”—a term she used in lieu of naming the official widely believed to be Kennedy. The health official has repeatedly denied the affair, but details included in the book leave little room for interpretation about who Nuzzi was describing. That includes a detail about the politician’s long-term sobriety, which Kennedy has spoken about at length, and his openness to psychedelics as an alternative therapy option. “The Politician was hyper-interested in whether I did drugs or took pharmaceuticals or drank alcohol. He loved to discuss drugs, psychedelic trips, all manner of related mind-altered esoterica,” Nuzzi wrote. “He said he was sober now and told me stories about when he was still using, a period that had lasted for more than fifteen years.” Conceding that she liked “uppers” such as Adderall, Nuzzi said Kennedy responded that his children take the prescription stimulant as well, but he “can’t.” “He lived for a summer with John Phillips and Keith Richards above a pharmacy where they were all strung out on amphetamines, he said,” she wrote. “Phillips had purchased the pharmacy in a stroke of junkie entrepreneurial genius.” “I credited psilocybin with saving my life after my mother died. I had not intended to utilize the psychedelic compound for therapeutic reasons; it just happened that way, that the grief I had been running from approached while I was on a moderate dose and I found that in such a state I could sit with it,” Nuzzi said. “He told me one of his sons processed grief with the assistance of ayahuasca.” That anecdote about his son’s experience is consistent with Kennedy’s prior accounting of how he came to embrace psychedelics therapy while he was on the campaign trail in 2023. But Nuzzi’s book included a key detail that the health secretary has not publicly discussed regarding his own experience with the currently controlled substances that his agency plays a critical role in overseeing. “The Politician still did some psychedelics for fun, he said,” the book says. “He described how he waited until his wife was not home to go outside and smoke DMT, just as he waited until she was not home to call, or else he would call while locked in the bathroom. ‘Is that the one with the toad?’ l asked.” “He laughed. ‘No,’ he said. DMT, or N,N-dimethyltryptamine, considered among the most potent hallucinogenic drugs, sends users into the stratosphere of ego death and back to earth in fifteen minutes. Psychedelic toad venom was something else,” Nuzzi wrote. “The DMT was laced in cigarettes a friend had given him. ‘What’s it like?’ I asked. He thought for a moment and flashed a mischievous smile. With a shrug, he said, ‘It’s your classic psychedelic experience.'” Also in the book, Nuzzi said the unnamed politician felt that “all addicts were pathological liars,” which stood out to her because he was “rarely as judgmental as he was about other addicts.” “I did not think to apply his assessment to him or to our relationship. I did not think to apply it even when he referred to me as an intoxicant,” she said. Nuzzi also spoke about the issue on The Bulwark podcast last week, saying that “it was in the public interest” to reveal the politician’s drug use. “This person who says that he’s sober, right? He was telling me privately that, in fact, he was not sober, and he was hiding it not just from the public, but from his own wife, among other things,” she said. The host asked Nuzzi if Kennedy was doing drugs other than DMT, such as ketamine. “I had asked him about another drug I heard that he was doing and he had emphatically denied it,” she replied. “But I can’t say that I make much of his emphatic denial of anything.” .@Olivianuzzi: "[RFK Jr.] was telling me privately that, in fact, he was not sober and he was hiding it not just from the public, but from his own wife."@Timodc: "You mentioned DMT…Is he doing ketamine?" https://t.co/CsHEdKMZ2w pic.twitter.com/1W6qbK6c0M — The Bulwark (@BulwarkOnline) December 3, 2025 Marijuana Moment reached out to HHS for comment, but a representative did not respond by the time of publication. While it would likely create controversy if it was the case that Kennedy continues to use psychedelics either medically or recreationally while serving in Trump’s cabinet, given their status as Schedule I drugs under the Controlled Substances Act (CSA), the official hasn’t been shy about his interest in reforming federal laws and promoting their therapeutic use. As recently as last month, Kennedy, Vice President JD Vance, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) commissioner and other Trump administration officials attended a “Make America Healthy Again” summit that featured a session dedicated to exploring psychedelic medicine. In June, Kennedy said his agency is “absolutely committed” to expanding research on the benefits of psychedelic therapy and, alongside of the head of FDA, is aiming to provide legal access to such substances for military veterans “within 12 months.” The secretary also said in April that he had a “wonderful experience” with LSD at 15 years old, which he took because he thought he’d be able to see dinosaurs, as portrayed in a comic book he was a fan of. Last October, Kennedy specifically criticized FDA under the prior administration over the agency’s “suppression of psychedelics” and a laundry list of other issues that he said amounted to a “war on public health” that would end under the Trump administration. The post RFK Hid Psychedelic Trips From His Wife, Journalist Who Allegedly Had Affair With Him Says In New Book appeared first on Marijuana Moment. View the live link on MarijuanaMoment.net

“Legislators must ensure the launch mechanics don’t inadvertently hand the keys back to the incumbents before independent operators can even get in the door.” By Max Jackson, Cannabis Wise Guys For years, the story of legal cannabis in America has been a rerun of the same bad movie: corporate lobbyists write the rules, “Big Weed” captures the market and independent farmers are regulated into bankruptcy. Last week, Virginia’s Joint Commission to Oversee the Transition of the Commonwealth into a Retail Cannabis Market decided to change the channel. In October, I warned the Joint Commission in testimony that Virginia faced a choice between two economic models: “Path A,” a limited-license market dominated by incumbent multi-state operators (MSOs), or “Path B,” a competitive market built on independent Virginia businesses. The proposed legislative changes represent a genuine attempt to prevent the monopolization that has plagued legal cannabis markets across the country. The Commission has embraced restorative justice, killed the regulatory barriers that created “cannabis deserts” in other states and built a framework for independent operators to compete. The question is whether the operational timeline will deliver on that promise—or undermine it. The $10 Million “Penalty” Is Actually A Discount The proposal requires incumbent pharmaceutical processors to pay a $10 million fee to enter the adult-use market. To the average Virginian, that sounds like a hefty price tag. But let’s be honest about the math—and the history. Virginia’s medical program launched in 2020 as a limited-license, vertically-integrated market. Five pharmaceutical processors—most of them multi-state operators—were awarded exclusive territories with mandatory vertical integration, a structure designed to favor deep-pocketed incumbents over independent operators. Between July and August 2025 alone, that protected medical market recorded nearly $30 million in sales across more than 256,000 transactions. In 2024, The Cannabist Company sold its Eastern Virginia medical operation to Verano Holdings for $90 million. Just last week, The Cannabist sold its Central Virginia operation to Curaleaf for $110 million. Two territories, $200 million in total value. In exchange for this one-time $10 million conversion fee, these companies are being granted licenses that are larger and more powerful than any other tier available to new entrants. They retain their vertical integration—growing, processing and selling their own product—while new businesses are forced to specialize. They already have completed facilities, trained staff, established supply chains and consumer brand recognition. Against proven territory valuations of $90-110 million and a medical market generating $15 million per month, a $10 million conversion fee is not a penalty; it’s a discount on market dominance. Killing The “Cannabis Desert” The most significant victory for public safety is the removal of the local referendum option. The failure of the opt-out model is well-documented. In New Jersey, nearly 70 percent of municipalities initially opted out of allowing cannabis businesses, creating vast “cannabis deserts.” This didn’t stop consumption; it simply handed those markets directly to illicit operators who don’t check IDs or test their products. By striking the opt-out provision, the Commission has acknowledged a fundamental truth: you cannot regulate a market if you do not allow it to exist. However, access alone doesn’t guarantee competition. The proposal also establishes a one-mile minimum distance between retail dispensaries, intended to prevent the clustering seen in states like New Jersey, where zoning restrictions force retailers to open across the street from one another. In theory, this promotes geographic distribution. In practice, it transforms retail licensing into a real estate race—whoever secures a location first controls a one-mile radius, and well-capitalized operators with real estate teams will always move faster than independent applicants still assembling financing. Removing the opt-out provision helps by opening more geography to competition, but the mile-radius rule still advantages those who can play the property game at speed. Restorative Justice Requires Resources Equally important is the shift in how Virginia defines “impact.” The proposal to include prior felony distribution charges as a qualifier for impact status—rather than a disqualifier—is an absolute victory. It moves beyond performative equity and toward actual restorative justice, acknowledging that the expertise of legacy operators is a feature, not a bug. However, a license is only an opportunity if the resources exist to execute on it. The bill’s commitment to direct 50 percent of the Cannabis Equity Reinvestment Fund into loan capital is a start, but impact licenses are only as helpful as the funding, technical assistance and affordable professional services available to support them. Virginia must ensure these operators can access not just capital, but the legal, accounting and compliance expertise necessary to survive the capital-intensive startup phase—services that incumbents already have in-house. The 120-Day Trap As an operational consultant, I must be direct: the timeline in this proposal threatens to undo everything the policy structure is trying to achieve. Here’s the math. Assuming the bill passes early in 2026, the Cannabis Control Authority (CCA) has until July 1 to stand up regulations and process the first round of licenses. Retail sales begin November 1. That gives a newly licensed independent operator exactly 120 days to go from “license in hand” to “product on shelves.” Let me explain what 120 days actually means in cannabis cultivation. A typical flowering cycle runs 60-65 days. Add 3-4 weeks of vegetation before that. Then, 10-14 days for drying and curing. Then testing, packaging and compliance. You’re looking at 100-120 days minimum from clone to compliant, sellable product—assuming everything goes perfectly, your facility is already built, your systems are dialed in and you started cultivation the moment your license arrived. For a new operator still finishing construction, installing equipment, and training staff? The math doesn’t work. They will have nothing to sell on November 1. The pharmaceutical processors, meanwhile, already have inventory. They have flower curing in their vaults right now. They’ll be ready to sell on day one. Market Readiness, Not Calendar Dates The solution is straightforward: tie market launch to actual competitive readiness, not arbitrary dates. Virginia should establish “Market Readiness” benchmarks where retail sales begin when a minimum threshold of independent licensees—impact operators, microbusinesses and small cultivators—have received licenses, completed buildout and have product ready for sale. When the independents and the incumbents cross the starting line together, consumers get competition, prices reflect a real market and the policy achieves its stated purpose. This isn’t about delaying the market indefinitely. It’s about aligning the incentives of all market participants so that pharmaceutical processors, independent operators and the state all benefit from a stable, competitive launch. One approach would be to make pharmaceutical processor conversion contingent on independent operator readiness—perhaps even on a regional basis—so that cooperation becomes more profitable than obstruction. When incumbents’ adult-use revenue depends on independents getting operational, the market dynamics shift dramatically. The ready-together framework prevents the first-mover revenue trap that has cemented MSO dominance in state after state. Arizona launched sales roughly 80 days after licensing—but only incumbents with existing inventory could participate, giving them a 6-12 month head start that new operators never recovered from. Virginia has built the right policy framework to avoid that outcome. Now it must build the right launch mechanics. The Commission should amend the current timeline provisions to establish clear market readiness criteria: retail sales commence when the Cannabis Control Authority certifies that licensed independent operators have compliant product available for distribution, ensuring market launch reflects genuine competition rather than incumbent inventory advantage. This preserves the urgency of launching a regulated market while ensuring the Commission’s equity and competition goals aren’t undermined by a calendar date that only pharmaceutical processors can meet. “Operational” Must Mean Progress, Not Perfection The proposal includes a 24-month “use it or lose it” rule to prevent license speculation. That’s good policy—if “operational” is defined correctly. In Virginia’s current construction environment, the electrical transformers required for a commercial cannabis facility can face lead times of 12-18 months. Add permitting delays, zoning appeals and on-site construction, and the 24-month window becomes dangerously tight. The standard for retaining a license must be “demonstrable progress”—breaking ground, passing inspections, installing equipment, securing financing—not “open for business.” Without this clarity, the 24-month rule becomes another tool that advantages incumbents with completed facilities while punishing independents for delays entirely outside their control. Shell Company Scrutiny Needs Speed Limits The proposal includes provisions requiring the Cannabis Control Authority to scrutinize ownership agreements, management contracts and financing arrangements to prevent MSOs from using shell companies to control nominally “independent” licensees. This is vital—without it, every anti-consolidation provision in the bill becomes meaningless. However, regulatory scrutiny without statutory time limits can be as dangerous as no scrutiny at all. If CCA takes six months to review a management agreement or a financing deal, that delay alone can kill a small business burning through cash while waiting for approval. Virginia must establish clear timelines—30 to 60 days for standard reviews, with defined criteria for what triggers extended review—so that legitimate operators aren’t inadvertently strangled by bureaucratic pace. Virginia Can Lead—If It Finishes The Blueprint Virginia has rejected the monopoly model that has failed consumers and small businesses in state after state. The Commission has embraced restorative justice by making felony distribution convictions a qualifier, not a disqualifier. It has eliminated the local opt-out provisions that created “cannabis deserts” in New Jersey and elsewhere. It has built a framework for microbusinesses, shared processing hubs, and impact licensees to compete on a level playing field. But a blueprint is not a building. By establishing clear market readiness criteria that tie launch to competitive preparedness, defining “operational readiness” to protect legitimate businesses from bureaucratic delays and establishing time limits for regulatory review, Virginia can deliver on the promise of a truly competitive market. The Commonwealth has drawn the blueprint for what legal cannabis could look like. Now legislators must ensure the launch mechanics don’t inadvertently hand the keys back to the incumbents before independent operators can even get in the door. Max Jackson is the founder of Cannabis Wise Guys and specializes in translating between cannabis operations, investment, and public policy. He has provided expert testimony to the Virginia Legislature on preventing market consolidation in emerging cannabis markets. Photo courtesy of Max Jackson. The post Virginia Rejected A Monopoly Model For Marijuana, But Lawmakers Need To Finish The Job (Op-Ed) appeared first on Marijuana Moment. 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There’s significant uncertainty around how a pending federal hemp ban will ultimately be enforced, but “divergent federal and state marijuana laws may provide some guidance,” according to congressional researchers. With the recriminalization of most consumable hemp products set to take effect next November after President Donald Trump signed a spending bill containing the cannabis prohibition, the Congressional Research Service (CRS) has released a report outlining the policy’s potential impacts. And much of the analysis and considerations for lawmakers turn to existing marijuana policies. “In recent decades, a number of states have enacted laws relaxing state controls on marijuana and regulating the use of the substance for medical or recreational purposes,” it says. “Marijuana remains a Schedule I controlled substance subject to stringent controls under federal law, and, notwithstanding changes to state laws, most activities involving medical and recreational marijuana violate” the Controlled Substances Act (CSA). “There are two key reasons why the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) does not comprehensively enforce the CSA with respect to marijuana,” the report—which includes a comprehensive analysis of the legislative history around hemp, a version of the cannabis crop that was federally legalized under the first Trump administration—says. As was detailed in a separate recent CRS report, DOJ “lacks the resources to prosecute all violations of the CSA and generally has not prioritized enforcement against small-scale violations or activities that comply with state law,” the researchers said in the new document. “It remains to be seen to what extent DOJ will prioritize CSA enforcement against products containing psychoactive cannabinoids other than delta-9 THC.” “If Congress wishes to affect DOJ enforcement priorities, it has the legal authority to increase or decrease funding or dictate how the agency may use appropriated funds,” the report says. Another reason that for the limited enforcement action against state marijuana laws is the fact that, since 2014, Congress has approved annual appropriations legislation with a rider preventing the Justice Department from using its funds to interfere in states’ medical cannabis programs. While those same protections don’t apply to recreational marijuana laws, CRS said that, in theory, if states were to reclassify consumable THC products that no long longer meet the federal definition of legal hemp as medical cannabis products instead, “the appropriations rider would apply to those products to the extent they are used for medical purposes in compliance with state law.” “If Congress wanted to alter the scope of the appropriations rider, including modifying how it applies to hemp-derived cannabinoid products, it could do so by legislation,” it says. “Another consideration for Congress is that, to the extent hemp-derived cannabinoid products are classified as marijuana, any change to CSA regulation of marijuana would also apply to those products.” The report also takes into consideration the potential impact of a federal marijuana rescheduling proposal that was initiated under the Biden administration and is now pending action by Trump, who said in August that a decision on moving cannabis from Schedule I to Schedule III of the CSA would come within weeks. “As of the date of publication of this Legal Sidebar, DOJ has not taken final action on the rescheduling proposal,” it says. “Congress has broad authority to change the status of a controlled substance through legislation and could change the status of marijuana before or after DEA makes any final scheduling decision. Congress could choose to act with respect to marijuana generally or with respect to hemp-derived cannabinoid products in particular.” “Finally, the change to the federal definition of hemp may also affect state cannabis regulation,” the report continues. “Federal and state cannabis laws generally operate independently, and both may apply simultaneously if there is no positive conflict between the two.” “However, the 2018 farm bill contains a provision that expressly prohibits states from regulating ‘the transportation or shipment of hemp or hemp products … through the State.’ As discussed in a CRS report, there has been significant litigation over whether federal law preempts certain state hemp regulations. It remains to be seen whether and how narrowing the federal definition of hemp will affect that litigation. If Congress enacted legislation to change how hemp-derived cannabinoid products are regulated, that could also affect the pending litigation. If Congress wishes to preempt or not preempt certain state regulations of hemp, it also has the authority to amend the preemption provision.” Hemp was federally legalized under the 2018 Farm Bill that Trump signed during his first term, with then-Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-KY) leading the push to end criminalization of the crop at the time. But the senator has insisted that the policy change wasn’t intended to allow consumable products with THC, so he’s been determined to close what he describes as a “loophole” in the law. Sen. Rand Paul (R-KY) attempted to remove the hemp ban language from the spending bill Trump signed last month, but a majority of members voted to table his amendment. Industry stakeholders, advocates and lawmakers are stressing the urgency of the situation. While the hemp ban won’t take effect until one year after enactment, that still leaves little time in the congressional calendar to reverse course or create an alternative regulatory framework for products set to be banned. Paul, meanwhile, said last month that he’ll soon file a bill to protect the hemp industry from the impending hemp ban. And he also called out alcohol and marijuana interests for allegedly “join[ing] forces” to lobby in favor of the prohibitionist policy change, which will restrict access to a plant and its derivatives that are often used therapeutically. The senator said the forthcoming legislation would make it so state policy regulating hemp cannabinoid products—with basic safeguards in place to prevent youth access, for example—”supersedes the federal law.” On the other end of the debate, Rep. Andy Harris (R-MD), who helped secure the hemp re-criminalization language, said last month that he’s not concerned about attempts to undercut the enacted law, brushing off arguments about the possible consequences of the policy change as “desperate mistruths from an industry that stands to lose billions of dollars by selling intoxicants to children.” Overall, there’s been widespread outcry over the pending hemp re-criminalization law, drawing criticism from parents of cannabis patients, veterinarians and influencers like Joe Rogan, for example. In response to the hemp ban, Rep. Nancy Mace (R-SC) filed a bill that would strike the contested provisions of the appropriations legislation. But some stakeholders worry that approach could backfire, and they’re hoping to see bipartisan bills introduced in he near future that would provide a robust regulatory model for intoxicating hemp products as a viable alternative to blanket prohibition. Meanwhile, GOP political operative Roger Stone said last month that Trump was effectively “forced” by Republican lawmakers to sign the spending bill with the hemp THC ban language. However, a White House spokesperson said prior to the bill signing that Trump specifically supported the prohibition language. The Democratic governor of Kentucky said last month that the hemp industry is an “important” part of the economy that deserves to be regulated at the state level—rather than federally prohibited, as Congress has moved to do. Also, a leading veterans organization is warning congressional leaders that the newly approved blanket ban on consumable hemp products could inadvertently “slam the door shut” on critical research. While many hemp stakeholders say the ban would effectively eradicate the industry–even applying to nonintoxicating CBD products that people use for medical reasons—there’s latent hope that they can strike a compromise deal with lawmakers before the prohibition is implemented this time next year. Lawmakers such as Sen. Chris Van Hollen (D-MD) also say that window could provide an opportunity to advance legislation to create an alternative regulatory model for consumable hemp products. — Marijuana Moment is tracking hundreds of cannabis, psychedelics and drug policy bills in state legislatures and Congress this year. Patreon supporters pledging at least $25/month get access to our interactive maps, charts and hearing calendar so they don’t miss any developments. Learn more about our marijuana bill tracker and become a supporter on Patreon to get access. — Since 2018, cannabis products have been considered legal hemp if they contain less than 0.3 percent delta-9 THC on a dry weight basis. The new legislation specifies that, within one year of enactment, the weight will apply to total THC—including delta-8 and other isomers. It will also include “any other cannabinoids that have similar effects (or are marketed to have similar effects) on humans or animals as a tetrahydrocannabinol (as determined by the Secretary of Health and Human Services).” The new definition of legal hemp will additionally ban “any intermediate hemp-derived cannabinoid products which are marketed or sold as a final product or directly to an end consumer for personal or household use” as well as products containing cannabinoids that are synthesized or manufactured outside of the cannabis plant or not capable of being naturally produced by it. Legal hemp products will be limited to a total of 0.4 milligrams per container of total THC or any other cannabinoids with similar effects. Within 90 days of the bill’s enactment, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and other agencies will need to publish list of “all cannabinoids known to FDA to be capable of being naturally produced by a Cannabis sativa L. plant, as reflected in peer reviewed literature,” “all tetrahydrocannabinol class cannabinoids known to the agency to be naturally occurring in the plant” and “all other known cannabinoids with similar effects to, or marketed to have similar effects to, tetrahyrocannabinol class cannabinoids.” The language slightly differs from provisions included in legislation that had previously advanced out of the House and Senate Appropriations panels, which would have banned products containing any “quantifiable” amount of THC, to be determined by the HHS secretary and secretary of agriculture. The post Ongoing Marijuana Conflict Between States And Feds Could Provide ‘Guidance’ On How New Hemp Ban Will Be Enforced, Congressional Report Says appeared first on Marijuana Moment. View the live link on MarijuanaMoment.net

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